LANTERN: a randomized study of QVA149 versus salmeterol/fluticasone combination in patients with COPD

Nanshan Zhong, Changzheng Wang, Xiangdong Zhou, Nuofu Zhang, Michael Humphries, Linda Wang, Chau Thach, Francesco Patalano, Donald Banerji, LANTERN Investigators, Nanshan Zhong, Nuofu Zhang, Changzheng Wang, Xiangdong Zhou, Wenjie Huang, Ziwen Zhao, Jinghua Yang, Zhongguang Wen, Baiqiang Cai, Jiandong Li, Kewu Huang, Haoyan Wang, Guangfa Wang, Xiaoyue Chang, Ping Chen, Shenghua Sun, Yong He, Fuqiang Wen, Zhenliang Xiao, Jianying Zhou, Kejing Ying, Limin Wang, Yijiang Huang, Guilan Wen, Jiulong Kuang, Zuke Xiao, Mao Huang, Yi Shi, Xiaoning Zhong, Huaping Tang, Chunxue Bai, Jinming Liu, Qiang Li, Xin Zhou, Ping Chen, Jian Kang, Xinin Yan, Xiaowen Han, Minhua Shi, Lan Yang, Zhikui Li, Jianbao Xin, Lian Jiang, Diahn-Warng Perng, Han-Pin Kuo, Jeng-Yuan Hsu, Chin-Chou Wang, Ruay-Sheng Lai, Shih-Lung Chen, Alejandro Salvado, Ana Maria Lopez, Andrea Medina, Gabriel Garcia, Luis Wehbe, Luisa Beatriz Rey, Maria Cristina De Salvo, María Otaola, Maricel Willigs Rolon, Norma Aramayo, Ricardo del Olmo, Ricardo Gene, Felipe Rivera, Manuel Barros, Fernando Saldias, Ricardo Sepulveda, Tamara Soler, Nanshan Zhong, Changzheng Wang, Xiangdong Zhou, Nuofu Zhang, Michael Humphries, Linda Wang, Chau Thach, Francesco Patalano, Donald Banerji, LANTERN Investigators, Nanshan Zhong, Nuofu Zhang, Changzheng Wang, Xiangdong Zhou, Wenjie Huang, Ziwen Zhao, Jinghua Yang, Zhongguang Wen, Baiqiang Cai, Jiandong Li, Kewu Huang, Haoyan Wang, Guangfa Wang, Xiaoyue Chang, Ping Chen, Shenghua Sun, Yong He, Fuqiang Wen, Zhenliang Xiao, Jianying Zhou, Kejing Ying, Limin Wang, Yijiang Huang, Guilan Wen, Jiulong Kuang, Zuke Xiao, Mao Huang, Yi Shi, Xiaoning Zhong, Huaping Tang, Chunxue Bai, Jinming Liu, Qiang Li, Xin Zhou, Ping Chen, Jian Kang, Xinin Yan, Xiaowen Han, Minhua Shi, Lan Yang, Zhikui Li, Jianbao Xin, Lian Jiang, Diahn-Warng Perng, Han-Pin Kuo, Jeng-Yuan Hsu, Chin-Chou Wang, Ruay-Sheng Lai, Shih-Lung Chen, Alejandro Salvado, Ana Maria Lopez, Andrea Medina, Gabriel Garcia, Luis Wehbe, Luisa Beatriz Rey, Maria Cristina De Salvo, María Otaola, Maricel Willigs Rolon, Norma Aramayo, Ricardo del Olmo, Ricardo Gene, Felipe Rivera, Manuel Barros, Fernando Saldias, Ricardo Sepulveda, Tamara Soler

Abstract

Background: The current Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) treatment strategy recommends the use of one or more bronchodilators according to the patient's airflow limitation, their history of exacerbations, and symptoms. The LANTERN study evaluated the effect of the long-acting β2-agonist (LABA)/long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) dual bronchodilator, QVA149 (indacaterol/glycopyrronium), as compared with the LABA/inhaled corticosteroid, salmeterol/fluticasone (SFC), in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD with a history of ≤1 exacerbation in the previous year.

Methods: In this double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group study, 744 patients with moderate-to-severe COPD with a history of ≤1 exacerbations in the previous year were randomized (1:1) to QVA149 110/50 μg once daily or SFC 50/500 μg twice daily for 26 weeks. The primary endpoint was noninferiority of QVA149 versus SFC for trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) at week 26.

Results: Overall, 676 patients completed the study. The primary objective of noninferiority between QVA149 and SFC in trough FEV1 at week 26 was met. QVA149 demonstrated statistically significant superiority to SFC for trough FEV1 (treatment difference [Δ]=75 mL; P<0.001). QVA149 demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in standardized area under the curve (AUC) from 0 hours to 4 hours for FEV1 (FEV1 AUC0-4h) at week 26 versus SFC (Δ=122 mL; P<0.001). QVA149 and SFC had similar improvements in transition dyspnea index focal score, St George Respiratory Questionnaire total score, and rescue medication use. However, QVA149 significantly reduced the rate of moderate or severe exacerbations by 31% (P=0.048) over SFC. Overall, the incidence of adverse events was comparable between QVA149 (40.1%) and SFC (47.4%). The incidence of pneumonia was threefold lower with QVA149 (0.8%) versus SFC (2.7%).

Conclusion: These findings support the use of the LABA/LAMA, QVA149 as an alternative treatment, over LABA/inhaled corticosteroid, in the management of moderate-to-severe COPD patients (GOLD B and GOLD D) with a history of ≤1 exacerbation in the previous year.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01709903.

Keywords: COPD; clinical trial; long-acting muscarinic antagonist; long-acting β2-agonists.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The LANTERN study design.
Figure 2
Figure 2
LANTERN trial profile. Note: Data are shown as n (%). Abbreviation: SFC, salmeterol/fluticasone.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Trough FEV1 on day 1 and at weeks 12 and 26 (full analysis set). Notes: Data are least square means ± standard error; *P<0.001. Abbreviations: bid, twice daily; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; od, once daily; SFC, salmeterol/fluticasone.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plot of the treatment difference of trough FEV1 (L) at week 26 by smoking history, baseline ICS use, COPD severity, and age for QVA149 and SFC after 26 weeks of treatment (LOCF). Abbreviations: SFC, salmeterol/fluticasone; LSM, least square means; CI, confidence interval; N1, number of patients analyzed in the QVA149 group; N2, number of patients analyzed in the salmeterol/fluticasone group; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; LOCF, last observation carried forward.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Kaplan–Meier plots of the time to first moderate or severe COPD exacerbation over 26 weeks of treatment (full analysis set). Abbreviations: SFC, salmeterol/fluticasone; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; od, once daily; bid, twice daily.

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