Long-term consumption of oats in adult celiac disease patients

Katri Kaukinen, Pekka Collin, Heini Huhtala, Markku Mäki, Katri Kaukinen, Pekka Collin, Heini Huhtala, Markku Mäki

Abstract

Many celiac disease patients tolerate oats, but limited data are available on its long-term consumption. This was evaluated in the present study, focusing on small-bowel mucosal histology and gastrointestinal symptoms in celiac adults maintaining a strict gluten-free diet with or without oats. Altogether 106 long-term treated celiac adults were enrolled for this cross-sectional follow-up study. Daily consumption of oats and fiber was assessed, and small-bowel mucosal morphology and densities of CD3+, αβ+ and γσ+ intraepithelial lymphocytes determined. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed by a validated Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale questionnaire. Seventy (66%) out of the 106 treated celiac disease patients had consumed a median of 20 g of oats (range 1-100 g) per day for up to eight years; all consumed oat products bought from general stores. Daily intake and long-term consumption of oats did not result in small-bowel mucosal villous damage, inflammation, or gastrointestinal symptoms. Oat-consumers had a significantly higher daily intake of fiber than those who did not use oats. Two thirds of celiac disease patients preferred to use oats in their daily diet. Even long-term ingestion of oats had no harmful effects.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Small-bowel mucosal villous height crypt depth ratios in 106 treated celiac disease patients correlated with the daily oat intake (A) r = 0.251, p = 0.009 and the duration of oat consumption (B) r = 0.252, p = 0.012. Correlations between densities of αβ+ intraepithelial lymphocytes and daily oat intake (C), and between the cells and the duration of oat consumption (D) were not statistically significant (r = 0.152, p = 0.119 and r = 0.132, p = 0.190, respectively). GFD = gluten-free diet. Black diamond = no oats. Open diamond = oat user.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) total score correlated negatively with daily oat intake in 106 treated celiac disease patients (A) r = −0.220, p = 0.025, but not with the duration of oat consumption (r = −0.166, p = 0.101 [data not shown]). A high daily oat intake and a long duration of oat intake correlated with less indigestion (B) r = −0.313, p = 0.003 and r = −0.232, p = 0.037 [data not shown], respectively. Black diamond = no oats. Open diamond = oat user.

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