What Influences Parental Engagement in Early Intervention? Parent, Program and Community Predictors of Enrolment, Retention and Involvement

Naomi J Hackworth, Jan Matthews, Elizabeth M Westrupp, Cattram Nguyen, Tracey Phan, Amanda Scicluna, Warren Cann, Donna Bethelsen, Shannon K Bennetts, Jan M Nicholson, Naomi J Hackworth, Jan Matthews, Elizabeth M Westrupp, Cattram Nguyen, Tracey Phan, Amanda Scicluna, Warren Cann, Donna Bethelsen, Shannon K Bennetts, Jan M Nicholson

Abstract

Poor participant engagement undermines individual and public health benefits of early intervention programs. This study assessed the extent to which three types of engagement (participant enrolment, retention and involvement) were influenced by individual, program and contextual factors. Data were from a cluster randomised controlled trial (N = 1447) of a community-based parenting program, delivered at two levels of intensity (group sessions with and without individualised home coaching) conducted in Victoria, Australia. Individual (parent and family) factors and program factors were assessed by parent report and administrative records, and contextual factors by area-level population statistics. Data were analysed using multilevel logistic or linear regression models. Individual and contextual factors predicted enrolment, while family and program factors were more influential on program retention and parents' active involvement. Provision of individualised support was important to all forms of engagement, particularly for families experiencing the greatest barriers to participation. These findings indicate that different strategies are required to effectively support families in the processes of enrolling, continuing to attend and actively participating in early intervention programs.

Keywords: Enrolment; Involvement; Parent engagement; Parenting programs; Retention.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All procedures were in accordance with Australian National Health & Medical Research Committee ethical standards and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Study approval was granted by the Victorian Department of Health Human Research Ethics Committee (08/10) and the Victorian DEECD Research Committee.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all study participants.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Participant flow for analyses of engagement

References

    1. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2011). Census of Population and Housing: Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA), Australia, 2011 (cat. no. 2033.0.55.001). Retrieved from . Accessed 12 Dec 2016.
    1. Australian Early Development Census. (2015). Retrieved from . Accessed 1 Dec 2016.
    1. Axford N, Lehtonen M, Kaoukji D, Tobin K, Berry V. Engaging parents in parenting programs: Lessons from research and practice. Children and Youth Services Review. 2012;34:2061–2071. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.202.06.011.
    1. Baker CN, Arnold DH, Meagher S. Enrollment and attendance in a parent training prevention program for conduct problems. Prevention Science. 2011;12:126–138. doi: 10.1007/s11121-010-0187-0.
    1. Berthelsen, D., Williams, K., Abad, V., Vogel, L., & Nicholson, J. (2012). The parents at playgroup research report: Engaging families in supported playgroups. Retrieved from . Accessed 12 June 2014.
    1. Bradley RH, Corwyn RF. Socioeconomic status and child development. Annual Review of Psychology. 2002;53:371–399. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135233.
    1. Brown LD, Goslin MC, Feinberg ME. Relating engagement to outcomes in prevention: The case of a parenting program for couples. American Journal of Community Psychology. 2012;50:17–25. doi: 10.1007/s10464-011-9467-5.
    1. Brugha T, Cragg D. The list of threatening experiences: The reliability and validity of a brief life events questionnaire. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1990;82:77–81. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb01360.x.
    1. Bussing R, Zima BT, Gary FA, Garvan CW. Barriers to detection, help-seeking, and service use for children with ADHD symptoms. The Journal of Behavioural Health Services & Research. 2003;30:176–189. doi: 10.1007/BF02289806.
    1. Cortis, N., Katz, I., & Patulny, R. (2009). Engaging hard-to-reach families and children (Occasional Paper No. 26). Retrieved from Canberra.
    1. Eisner M, Meidert U. Stages of parental engagement in a universal parent training program. Journal of Primary Prevention. 2011;32:83–93. doi: 10.1007/s10935-011-0238-8.
    1. Garvey C, Julion W, Fogg L, Kratovil A, Gross D. Measuring participation in a prevention trial with parents of young children. Research in Nursing & Health. 2006;29:212–222. doi: 10.1002/nur.20127.
    1. Gomby DS. The promise and limitations of home visiting: Implementing effective programs. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2007;31:793–799. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.07.001.
    1. Gross D, Julion W, Fogg L. What motivates participation and dropout among low-income urban families of color in a prevention intervention? Family Relations. 2001;50:246–254. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2001.00246.x.
    1. Hackworth N. J., Berthelsen D., Matthews J., Westrupp E. M., Cann W., Ukoumunne O. C., Bennetts S. K., Phan T., Scicluna A., Trajanovska M., Yu M., Nicholson J. M. Impact of a Brief Group Intervention to Enhance Parenting and the Home Learning Environment for Children Aged 6–36 Months: a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial. Prevention Science. 2017;18(3):337–349. doi: 10.1007/s11121-017-0753-9.
    1. Hart B, Risley TR. Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore: Paul H Brookes Publishing; 1995.
    1. Heinrichs N, Jensen-Doss A. The effects of incentives on families’ long-term outcome in a parenting program. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology. 2010;39:705–712. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2010.501290.
    1. Heinrichs N, Bertram H, Kuschel A, Hahlweg K. Parent recruitment and retention in a universal prevention program for child behavior and emotional problems: Barriers to research and program participation. Prevention Science. 2005;6:275–286. doi: 10.1007/s11121-005-0006-1.
    1. Ingoldsby E. Review of interventions to improve family engagement and retention in parent and child mental health programs. Journal of Child & Family Studies. 2010;19:629–645. doi: 10.1007/s10826-009-9350-2.
    1. KESSLER R.??C., ANDREWS G., COLPE L.??J., HIRIPI E., MROCZEK D.??K., NORMAND S.-L.??T., WALTERS E.??E., ZASLAVSKY A.??M. Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine. 2002;32(6):959–976. doi: 10.1017/S0033291702006074.
    1. Landry SH, Smith KE, Swank PR, Guttentag C. A responsive parenting intervention: The optimal timing across early childhood for impacting maternal behaviors and child outcomes. Developmental Psychology. 2008;44:1335. doi: 10.1037/a0013030.
    1. Matthews, J., Cameron, E., Fox, S., Hackworth, N., Kitanovski, M., & Vista, A. (2011). Supported playgroups and parent groups initiative (SPPI) process evaluation. Retrieved from Department of Education and Early Childhood Development website: . Accessed 12 Jun 2014.
    1. McCurdy K, Daro D. Parent involvement in family support programs: An integrated theory. Family Relations. 2001;50:113–121. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3729.2001.00113.x.
    1. Mendez JL, Carpenter JL, LaForett DR, Cohen JS. Parental engagement and barriers to participation in a community-based preventive intervention. American Journal of Community Psychology. 2009;44:1–14. doi: 10.1007/s10464-009-9252-x.
    1. Miller GE, Prinz RJ. Engagement of families in treatment for childhood conduct problems. Behavior Therapy. 2003;34:517–534. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(03)80033-3.
    1. Morawska A, Sanders MR. A review of parental engagement in parenting interventions and strategies to promote it. Journal of Children’s Services. 2006;1:29–40. doi: 10.1108/17466660200600004.
    1. Morawska A, Sanders MR. Self-administered behavioural family intervention for parents of toddlers: Effectiveness and dissemination. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2006;44:1839–1848. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2005.11.015.
    1. Nicholson JM, Berthelsen D, Williams K, Abad V. National study of an early parenting intervention: Implementation differences on parent and child outcomes. Prevention Science. 2010;11:360–370. doi: 10.1007/s11121-010-0181-6.
    1. Nicholson, J. M., Cann, W., Matthews, J., Berthelsen, D., Ukoumunne, O. C., Trajanovska, M., … Westrupp, E. (2016). Enhancing the early home learning environment through a brief group parenting intervention: Study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Pediatrics, 16(1), 1. 10.1186/s12887-016-0610-1.
    1. Olds David L., Baca Pilar, McClatchey Maureen, Ingoldsby Erin M., Luckey Dennis W., Knudtson Michael D., Loch Joan M., Ramsey Mildred. Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Intervention to Increase Participant Retention and Completed Home Visits in the Nurse-Family Partnership. Prevention Science. 2015;16(6):778–788. doi: 10.1007/s11121-015-0563-x.
    1. Sanders MR, Kirby JN. Consumer engagement and the development, evaluation, and dissemination of evidence-based parenting programs. Behavior Therapy. 2012;43:236–250. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2011.01.005.
    1. Spoth R, Goldberg C, Redmond C. Engaging families in longitudinal preventive intervention research: Discrete-time survival analysis of socioeconomic and social-emotional risk factors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1999;67:157–163. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.67.1.157.
    1. Spoth R, Redmond C, Shin C. Modeling factors influencing enrollment in family-focused preventive intervention research. Prevention Science. 2000;1:213–225. doi: 10.1023/A:1026551229118.
    1. StataCorp . Stata statistical software: Release 13. College Station: StataCorp LP; 2013.
    1. Victorino, C. C., & Gauthier, A. H. (2009). The social determinants of child health: Variations across health outcomes—A population-based cross-sectional analysis. BMC Pediatrics, 9. 10.1186/1471-2431-9-53.
    1. Whittaker KA, Cowley S. An effective programme is not enough: A review of factors associated with poor attendance and engagement with parenting support programmes. Children and Society. 2010;26:138–149. doi: 10.1111/j.1099-0860.2010.00333.x.
    1. Zubrick SR, Lucas N, Westrupp EM, Nicholson JM. Parenting measures in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children: Construct validity and measurement quality, Waves 1 to 4. (LSAC Technical Paper No. 12) Canberra: Australian Government Department of Social Services; 2014.

Source: PubMed

Спонсоры и соавторы

Заболевания

Медикаментозные вмешательства

Подписаться