Stage-specific survival and recurrence in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma in Europe - a systematic review of the literature

Fernanda Costa Svedman, Demetris Pillas, Aliki Taylor, Moninder Kaur, Ragnar Linder, Johan Hansson, Fernanda Costa Svedman, Demetris Pillas, Aliki Taylor, Moninder Kaur, Ragnar Linder, Johan Hansson

Abstract

Background: Given the increasing incidence in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) and the recent changes in the treatment landscape, it is important to understand stage-specific overall and recurrence-free survival patterns in Europe. Despite publications such as EUROCARE-5, there is limited information on stage-specific survival for CMM in Europe.

Method: We carried out a systematic literature review to provide an up-to-date summary of stage-specific survival and recurrence-free survival patterns in patients with CMM in Europe. Studies were included if they were published in Medline during the past 12 years and included information on stage-specific survival and/or recurrence in CMM.

Results: Of the 8,749 studies identified, 26 studies were included, representing nine countries. Collectively, the studies covered a population of 152,422 patients and included data from 1978 to 2011. Randomized clinical trials and single-center observational studies comprised the most common study designs, including five large registry-based studies. Stage-specific information for survival and recurrence varied: 5-year overall survival: 95%-100% (stage I), 65%-92.8% (stage II), 41%-71% (stage III), and 9%-28% (stage IV); 5-year relapse-free survival was reported less frequently: 56% (stage II), and 28%-44% (stage III). Studies reporting survival by sentinel node (SN) status reported 5-year overall survival as 80%-95% for negative SN (stage I/II) and 35%-75% for positive SN (stage III) status; recurrence-free survival at 5 years: 76%-90% for negative and 35%-58% for positive SN status. Some studies included comparisons of survival by key patient sociodemographic characteristics, suggesting that these have a substantial influence on survival and recurrence estimates.

Conclusion: The studies identified in this review show large variations in stage-specific overall and recurrence-free survival by study type and by country. Owing to differing study designs and populations, it is difficult to make detailed comparisons. Large population-based studies that include stage-specific survival and recurrence in Europe are therefore important.

Keywords: Europe; cancer; cutaneous malignant melanoma; recurrence; stage; survival.

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