Effect of slow tempo music on markers of anxiety during cataract surgery: Randomized control trial

Azlan Musa, Qi Xiong Ng, Yong Zheng Wai, Tajunisah Iqbal, Azlan Musa, Qi Xiong Ng, Yong Zheng Wai, Tajunisah Iqbal

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to objectively measure the effect of slow tempo music on various markers for anxiety.

Materials and methods: This is a repeated measure randomized control trial of patients with age-related cataracts undergoing cataract extraction through phacoemulsification under local anesthesia. Patients were randomized into two groups: music group where a standardized piano music was played and control group. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) levels were measured at the beginning and at the end of surgery. Blood pressure and heart rate were also measured at 5 min before surgery and at four other standardized points during and after surgery. Visual Analog Scale for anxiety was also gauged: preoperatively, perioperatively, and 15 min postoperatively.

Results: Ninety-two patients were randomized equally to the music group and control group. Paired sample t-test showed a reduction in the level of sAA during surgery in the music group (P = 0.019). The odds ratio for a drop in sAA with music was 4.407 (P = 0.001). Lower systolic blood pressure was observed in the music group: at delivery of local anesthesia (P = 0.047), at first incision (P = 0.023), and during sculpting (P = 0.15). Similarly, diastolic blood pressure was lower at first incision (P = 0.019) in the music group. The visual analog scale for anxiety during surgery was found to be lower in the music group (P = 0.046).

Conclusion: A slow tempo music during cataract surgery was shown to significantly reduce several indicators for anxiety at various points during cataract surgery.

Keywords: Cataract; lens; music; phacoemulsification; salivary alpha-amylase; stress.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interests of this paper.

Copyright: © 2021 Taiwan J Ophthalmol.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study flow diagram (adapted from CONSORT 2010)

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