Gut Resistome of Preschool Children After Prolonged Mass Azithromycin Distribution: A Cluster-randomized Trial

Ahmed M Arzika, Ramatou Maliki, Amza Abdou, Alio K Mankara, Abdoul N Harouna, Catherine Cook, Armin Hinterwirth, Lee Worden, Lina Zhong, Cindi Chen, Kevin Ruder, Zhaoxia Zhou, Elodie Lebas, Kieran S O'Brien, Catherine E Oldenburg, Victoria Le, Benjamin F Arnold, Travis C Porco, Jeremy D Keenan, Thomas M Lietman, Thuy Doan, Ahmed M Arzika, Ramatou Maliki, Amza Abdou, Alio K Mankara, Abdoul N Harouna, Catherine Cook, Armin Hinterwirth, Lee Worden, Lina Zhong, Cindi Chen, Kevin Ruder, Zhaoxia Zhou, Elodie Lebas, Kieran S O'Brien, Catherine E Oldenburg, Victoria Le, Benjamin F Arnold, Travis C Porco, Jeremy D Keenan, Thomas M Lietman, Thuy Doan

Abstract

We evaluated the gut resistome of children from communities treated with 10 twice-yearly azithromycin distributions. Although the macrolide resistance remained higher in the azithromycin arm, the selection of non-macrolide resistance observed at earlier time points did not persist. Longitudinal resistance monitoring should be a critical component of mass distribution programs.

Clinical trials registration: NCT02047981.

Keywords: Niger; antibiotic resistance; azithromycin; gut resistome; mass drug distribution; preschool children.

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Gut antimicrobial resistance determinants of children 6 months after the 10th twice-yearly oral azithromycin distribution. Factor difference of antibiotic resistance determinants in the azithromycin treated group compared to the placebo treated group with associated 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

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Source: PubMed

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