Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Artery Disease: PET/CT for the Evaluation of Atherosclerosis and Inflammation

Nadia Alie, Mootaz Eldib, Zahi A Fayad, Venkatesh Mani, Nadia Alie, Mootaz Eldib, Zahi A Fayad, Venkatesh Mani

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a prevalent cardiovascular disease marked by inflammation and the formation of plaque within arterial walls. As the disease progresses, there is an increased risk of major cardiovascular events. Owing to the nature of atherosclerosis, it is imperative to develop methods to further understand the physiological implications and progression of the disease. The combination of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has proven to be promising for the evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques and inflammation within the vessel walls. The utilization of the radiopharmaceutical tracer, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG), with PET/CT is invaluable in understanding the pathophysiological state involved in atherosclerosis. In this review, we will discuss the use of (18)F-FDG-PET/CT imaging for the evaluation of atherosclerosis and inflammation both in preclinical and clinical studies. The potential of more specific novel tracers will be discussed. Finally, we will touch on the potential benefits of using the newly introduced combined PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for non-invasive imaging of atherosclerosis.

Keywords: 18F-FDG; atherosclerosis; computed tomography; inflammation; plaque; positron emission tomography.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pathway comparing the uptake and utilization of glucose versus 18F-FDG through the glucose transporter (GLUT1) in a cell.
Figure 2
Figure 2
18F-FDG-PET/CT image of a high-risk plaque (circle) in the left carotid of a human.
Figure 3
Figure 3
18F-FDG-PET/MRI images showing the ascending aortas in yellow arrows,18F-FDG uptake in red, and MRI in gray.

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