Psychostimulants as adjuvant analgesics

Abstract

Psychostimulants have multiple roles in the adjuvant treatment of pain. This article reviews the pharmacology of different agents in this class. Studies will be discussed that demonstrate the efficacy of these drugs in potentiating opioid analgesia, counteracting opioid-induced sedation and cognitive impairment, allowing dose escalation in difficult pain syndromes, and alleviating symptoms of depression. Practical guidelines will be suggested, and areas for future research indicated.