Presence of comorbidities alters management and worsens outcome of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Emanuele Rezoagli, Bairbre A McNicholas, Fabiana Madotto, Tài Pham, Giacomo Bellani, John G Laffey, LUNG SAFE Investigators, the ESICM Trials Group, Emanuele Rezoagli, Bairbre A McNicholas, Fabiana Madotto, Tài Pham, Giacomo Bellani, John G Laffey, LUNG SAFE Investigators, the ESICM Trials Group

Abstract

Background: The impact of underlying comorbidities on the clinical presentation, management and outcomes in patients with ARDS is poorly understood and deserves further investigation.

Objectives: We examined these issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study.

Methods: In this secondary analysis of the patient cohort enrolled in the LUNG SAFE study, our primary objective was to determine the frequency, and impact of comorbidities on the management and ICU survival of patients with ARDS. Secondary outcomes relating to comorbidities included their impact on ventilatory management, the development of organ failures, and on end-of-life care.

Results: Of 2813 patients in the study population, 1692 (60%) had 1 or more comorbidities, of whom 631 (22.4%) had chronic respiratory impairment, 290 (10.3%) had congestive heart failure, 286 (10.2%) had chronic renal failure, 112 (4%) had chronic liver failure, 584 (20.8%) had immune incompetence, and 613 (21.8%) had diabetes. Multiple comorbidities were frequently present, with 423 (25%) having 2 and 182 (11%) having at least 3 or more comorbidities. The use of invasive ventilation (1379 versus 998, 82 versus 89%), neuromuscular blockade (301 versus 249, 18 versus 22%), prone positioning (97 versus 104, 6 versus 9%) and ECMO (32 versus 46, 2 versus 4%) were each significantly reduced in patients with comorbidities as compared to patients with no comorbidity (1692 versus 1121, 60 versus 40%). ICU mortality increased from 27% (n = 303) in patients with no comorbidity to 39% (n = 661) in patients with any comorbidity. Congestive heart failure, chronic liver failure and immune incompetence were each independently associated with increased ICU mortality. Chronic liver failure and immune incompetence were independently associated with more decisions to limitation of life supporting measures.

Conclusions: Most patients with ARDS have significant comorbidities, they receive less aggressive care, and have worse outcomes. Enhancing the care of these patients must be a priority for future clinical studies. Trial registration LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02010073.

Keywords: Chronic liver failure; Chronic renal failure; Chronic respiratory impairment; Comorbidities; Congestive heart failure; Diabetes; Immune suppression.

Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare that they have no competing interests.

© 2022. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Selection of patients for study population. Patients with more than one comorbidity will be classified on the basis of each comorbidity that they have
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A ICU mortality, B hospital mortality and C limitation of life-sustaining measures as a function of patients with comorbidities. Unadjusted odds ratio calculated versus patients with no comorbidities
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Unadjusted probability of ICU (A) and hospital survival (B) and limitation of life-sustaining measures (C) at 90-day follow-up by increasing number of comorbidities. We used the log-rank test to assess the differences between curves

References

    1. Pais FM, Sinha P, Liu KD, Matthay MA. Influence of clinical factors and exclusion criteria on mortality in ARDS observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Respir Care. 2018 doi: 10.4187/respcare.06034.
    1. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Brower RG, Matthay MA, Morris A, Schoenfeld D, Thompson BT, Wheeler A. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000 doi: 10.1056/NEJM200005043421801.
    1. Guerin C, Reignier J, Richard JC, Beuret P, Gacouin A, Boulain T, et al. Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2013 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1214103.
    1. Papazian L, Forel JM, Gacouin A, Penot-Ragon C, Perrin G, Loundou A, et al. Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2010 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1005372.
    1. Juschten J, Tuinman PR, Guo T, Juffermans NP, Schultz MJ, Loer SA, et al. Between-trial heterogeneity in ARDS research. Intensive Care Med. 2021 doi: 10.1007/s00134-021-06370-w.
    1. Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, Fan F, Brochard L, Esteban A, et al. Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in intensive care units in 50 countries. JAMA. 2016 doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.0291.
    1. Madotto F, Pham T, Bellani G, Bos LD, Simonis FD, Fan E, et al. Resolved versus confirmed ARDS after 24 h: insights from the LUNG SAFE study. Intensive Care Med. 2018 doi: 10.1007/s00134-018-5152-6.
    1. Madotto F, Rezoagli E, McNicholas BA, Pham T, Slutsky AS, Bellani G, et al. Patterns and impact of arterial CO2 management in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: insights from the LUNG SAFE study. Chest. 2020 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.605.
    1. Laffey JG, Bellani G, Pham T, Fan E, Madotto F, Bajwa EK, et al. Potentially modifiable factors contributing to outcome from acute respiratory distress syndrome: the LUNG SAFE study. Intensive Care Med. 2016 doi: 10.1007/s00134-016-4571-5.
    1. Duggal A, Rezoagli E, Pham T, McNicholas BA, Fan E, Bellani G, et al. Patterns of use of adjunctive therapies in patients with early moderate to severe ARDS: insights from the LUNG SAFE study. Chest. 2020 doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.01.041.
    1. Azoulay E, Lemiale V, Mourvillier B, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Schwebel C, Ruckly S, et al. Management and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients with and without comorbid conditions. Intensive Care Med. 2018 doi: 10.1007/s00134-018-5209-6.
    1. Calfee CS, Delucchi K, Parsons PE, Thompson BT, Ware LB, Matthay MA, et al. Subphenotypes in acute respiratory distress syndrome: latent class analysis of data from two randomised controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med. 2014 doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70097-9.
    1. Calfee CS, Delucchi KL, Sinha P, Matthay MA, Hackett J, Shankar-Hari M, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome subphenotypes and differential response to simvastatin: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2018 doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30177-2.
    1. Constantin JM, Jabaudon M, Lefrant JY, Jaber S, Quenot JP, Langeron O, et al. Personalised mechanical ventilation tailored to lung morphology versus low positive end-expiratory pressure for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in France (the LIVE study): a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2019 doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30138-9.
    1. Spragg RG, Bernard GR, Checkley W, Curtis JR, Gajic O, Guyatt G, et al. Beyond mortality: future clinical research in acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010 doi: 10.1164/rccm.201001-0024WS.
    1. McNicholas BA, Rooney GM, Laffey JG. Lessons to learn from epidemiologic studies in ARDS. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2018 doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000473.
    1. Rezoagli E, Bellani G. How I set up positive end-expiratory pressure: evidence- and physiology-based! Crit Care. 2019 doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2695-z.
    1. Papazian L, Aubron C, Brochard L, Chiche JD, Combes A, Dreyfuss D, Forel JM, Guérin C, Jaber S, Mekontso-Dessap A, Mercat A, Richard JC, Roux D, Vieillard-Baron A, Faure H. Formal guidelines: management of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Intensive Care. 2019 doi: 10.1186/s13613-019-0540-9.

Source: PubMed

Подписаться