Roller-massager application to the quadriceps and knee-joint range of motion and neuromuscular efficiency during a lunge

Abstract

Context: Roller massagers are used as a recovery and rehabilitative tool to initiate muscle relaxation and improve range of motion (ROM) and muscular performance. However, research demonstrating such effects is lacking.

Objective: To determine the effects of applying a roller massager for 20 and 60 seconds on knee-joint ROM and dynamic muscular performance.

Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting: University laboratory.

Patients or other participants: Ten recreationally active men (age = 26.6 ± 5.2 years, height = 175.3 ± 4.3 cm, mass = 84.4 ± 8.8 kg).

Intervention(s): Participants performed 3 randomized experimental conditions separated by 24 to 48 hours. In condition 1 (5 repetitions of 20 seconds) and condition 2 (5 repetitions of 60 seconds), they applied a roller massager to the quadriceps muscles. Condition 3 served as a control condition in which participants sat quietly.

Main outcome measure(s): Visual analog pain scale, electromyography (EMG) of the vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris during roller massage and lunge, and knee-joint ROM.

Results: We found no differences in pain between the 20-second and 60-second roller-massager conditions. During 60 seconds of roller massage, pain was 13.5% (5.7 ± 0.70) and 20.6% (6.2 ± 0.70) greater at 40 seconds and 60 seconds, respectively, than at 20 seconds (P < .05). During roller massage, VL and biceps femoris root mean square (RMS) EMG was 8% and 7%, respectively, of RMS EMG recorded during maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Knee-joint ROM was 10% and 16% greater in the 20-second and 60-second roller-massager conditions, respectively, than the control condition (P < .05). Finally, average lunge VL RMS EMG decreased as roller-massage time increased (P < .05).

Conclusions: Roller massage was painful and induced muscle activity, but it increased knee-joint ROM and neuromuscular efficiency during a lunge.

Keywords: electromyography; flexibility; muscle activation; pain; stretch.

Figures

Figure 1.

A, Roller massager. B, Constant-pressure rolling apparatus.

Figure 2.

A, Raw data illustrate electromyographic activity of the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris during roller-massager application. B, Normalized root mean square electromyography of the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris during each roll.

Figure 3.

A, Raw data illustrate electromyographic activity of the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris during the lunge. The lunge was divided into 4 phases as outlined. B, Total normalized root mean square electromyography of the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris during the lunge. a Indicates different from control (P < .05). b Indicates difference between muscles (P < .05). Data are presented as means ± standard errors.

Figure 4.

A, Vastus lateralis and B, biceps femoris root mean square (RMS) electromyography (EMG) during each phase of the lunge. a Indicates different from control (P < .05). Data are presented as means ± standard errors.