Blood glucose levels and performance in a sports cAMP for adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a field study

Dylan Kelly, Jill K Hamilton, Michael C Riddell, Dylan Kelly, Jill K Hamilton, Michael C Riddell

Abstract

Background. Acute hypo- and hyperglycemia causes cognitive and psychomotor impairment in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) that may affect sports performance. Objective. To quantify the effect of concurrent and antecedent blood glucose concentrations on sports skills and cognitive performance in youth with T1DM attending a sports camp. Design/Methods. 28 youth (ages 6-17 years) attending a sports camp carried out multiple skill-based tests (tennis, basketball, or soccer skills) with glucose monitoring over 4 days. Glucose levels at the time of testing were categorized as (a) hypoglycemic (<3.6 mM); (b) within an acceptable glycemic range (3.6-13.9 mM); or (c) hyperglycemic (>13.9 mM). Results. Overall, sports performance skill was approximately 20% lower when glucose concentrations were hypoglycemic compared to either acceptable or hyperglycemic at the time of skill testing (P < .05). During Stroop testing, "reading" and "color recognition" also degraded during hypoglycemia, while "interference" scores improved (P < .05). Nocturnal hypoglycemia was present in 66% of subjects, lasting an average of 84 minutes, but this did not affect sports skill performance the following day. Conclusions. Mild hypoglycemia markedly reduces sports skill performance and cognition in young athletes with T1DM.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sports skill performance score at each of the three categories of glycemia. Scores are shown as a percentage of personal best during the week. Scores during hypoglycemia were significantly lower than euglycemia or hyperglycemia. See methods section for a complete description. Mean ± SD. A significant main effect of glucose category on performance was found. Post hoc analysis reveled that performance in hypoglycemia was less than euglycemia and hyperglycemia at P < .05.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Interstitial glucose levels during day 2 ((a) n = 8) day 4 ((b) n = 10), evening 2 ((c) n = 8), and evening 4 ((d) n = 10) of the sports camp. Mean ± SD.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Stoop skill performance scores at each of the three categories of glycemia. Scores are shown as a percentage of personal best during the week. Scores during hypoglycemia were lower than euglycemia or hyperglycemia in reading ((a) P < .05), color recognition ((b) P < .05), and interference ((c) P = .06). See methods section for a complete description. Mean ± SD.

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