Cow's milk-based beverage consumption in 1- to 4-year-olds and allergic manifestations: an RCT

M V Pontes, T C M Ribeiro, H Ribeiro, A P de Mattos, I R Almeida, V M Leal, G N Cabral, S Stolz, W Zhuang, D M F Scalabrin, M V Pontes, T C M Ribeiro, H Ribeiro, A P de Mattos, I R Almeida, V M Leal, G N Cabral, S Stolz, W Zhuang, D M F Scalabrin

Abstract

Background: Nutrients such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), prebiotics and β-glucan have been associated with reduced incidence of respiratory illnesses and allergic manifestations (AM). Our objective was to assess if consumption of a cow's milk-based beverage with these and other nutrients supports respiratory, gastrointestinal, and skin health in otherwise well-nourished, healthy children.

Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, healthy children (1-4 years of age) from two daycare centers in Brazil were fed three servings/day of a cow's milk-based beverage (CMBB; n = 125) containing DHA, the prebiotics polydextrose (PDX) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS), β-glucan, and other key nutrients, or a control cow's milk-based beverage (control; n = 131) for up to 28 weeks. Occurrence of respiratory infections, diarrheal disease and AM was assessed by study pediatricians and the number of episodes were analyzed with the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test and the Andersen-Gill model.

Results: The CMBB group had fewer episodes of AM, which included allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis, wheezing, allergic cough, eczema and urticaria, compared to the control group (p = 0.021). The hazard ratio for increased number of episodes of AM was lower in the CMBB group compared to control (HR, 0.64; 95 % CI 0.47-0.89; p = 0.007). There was no difference in the incidence of respiratory infections and diarrheal disease between groups.

Conclusion: A cow's milk-based beverage containing DHA, PDX/GOS, and yeast β-glucan, and supplemented with micronutrients, including zinc, vitamin A and iron, when consumed 3 times/day for 28 weeks by healthy 1- to 4-year-old children was associated with fewer episodes of allergic manifestations in the skin and the respiratory tract.

Trial registration: registration number: NCT01431469.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Hazard ratios (95 % CI) for increased number of episodes of illness using Andersen-Gill model adjusted for age category (12–24 or 25–48 months) and compared to control. ARI = acute respiratory infections

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