Transdiagnostic approaches to mental health problems: Current status and future directions

Tim Dalgleish, Melissa Black, David Johnston, Anna Bevan, Tim Dalgleish, Melissa Black, David Johnston, Anna Bevan

Abstract

Despite a longstanding and widespread influence of the diagnostic approach to mental ill health, there is an emerging and growing consensus that such psychiatric nosologies may no longer be fit for purpose in research and clinical practice. In their place, there is gathering support for a "transdiagnostic" approach that cuts across traditional diagnostic boundaries or, more radically, sets them aside altogether, to provide novel insights into how we might understand mental health difficulties. Removing the distinctions between proposed psychiatric taxa at the level of classification opens up new ways of classifying mental health problems, suggests alternative conceptualizations of the processes implicated in mental health, and provides a platform for novel ways of thinking about onset, maintenance, and clinical treatment and recovery from experiences of disabling mental distress. In this Introduction to a Special Section on Transdiagnostic Approaches to Psychopathology, we provide a narrative review of the transdiagnostic literature in order to situate the Special Section articles in context. We begin with a brief history of the diagnostic approach and outline several challenges it currently faces that arguably limit its applicability in current mental health science and practice. We then review several recent transdiagnostic approaches to classification, biopsychosocial processes, and clinical interventions, highlighting promising novel developments. Finally, we present some key challenges facing transdiagnostic science and make suggestions for a way forward. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiToP; Kotov et al., 2017). MDD = major depressive disorder; PD = personality disorder.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Predicted treatment responses (proportions of patients remitted) to diagnosis-specific and transdiagnostic interventions, and relevant control conditions. Treatment nonresponders are not included in the figure. CBT = cognitive-behavior therapy.

References

    1. *Allan N. P., Albanese B. J., Judah M. R., & Schmidt N. B. (2020). A multi-method investigation of the impact of attentional control on a brief intervention for anxiety and depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 88, 212–225. 10.1037/ccp0000484
    1. American Psychiatric Association (1952). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (1st ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
    1. American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition (DSM–5). Washington, DC: Author.
    1. Andersen P., Toner P., Bland M., & McMillan D. (2016). Effectiveness of transdiagnostic cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety and depression in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 44, 673–690. 10.1017/S1352465816000229
    1. Baker J. T., Dillon D. G., Patrick L. M., Roffman J. L., Brady R. O., Pizzagalli D. A., et al. Holmes A. J. (2019). Functional connectomics of affective and psychotic pathology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116, 9050–9059. 10.1073/pnas.1820780116
    1. Bar-Haim Y., Lamy D., Pergamin L., Bakermans-Kranenburg M. J., & van IJzendoorn M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 1–24. 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1
    1. Barlow D. H., Ellard K. K., Fairholme C. P., Farchione T. J., Boisseau C. L., Allan L. B., & Ehrenreich-May J. T. (2010). Unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: Workbook (1st ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 10.1093/med:psych/9780199772667.001.0001
    1. Beck A. T., Rush A. J., Shaw B. F., & Emery G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
    1. Berenbaum H. (2013). Classification and psychopathology research. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 894–901. 10.1037/a0033096
    1. Black M., Hitchcock C., Bevan A. O., Leary C., Clarke J., Elliott R., et al. Dalgleish T. (2018). The HARMONIC trial: Study protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial of Shaping Healthy Minds-a modular transdiagnostic intervention for mood, stressor-related and anxiety disorders in adults. British Medical Journal Open, 8, e024546 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024546
    1. Blackwell S. E., Woud M. L., Margraf J., & Schönbrodt F. D. (2019). Introducing the leapfrog design: A simple Bayesian adaptive rolling trial design for accelerated treatment development and optimization. Clinical Psychological Science, 7, 1–22. 10.1177/2167702619858071
    1. Blashfield R. (1984). The classification of psychopathology: Neo-kraepelinian and quantitative approaches. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 10.1007/978-1-4613-2665-6
    1. Blashfield R. K., Keeley J. W., Flanagan E. H., & Miles S. R. (2014). The cycle of classification: DSM-I through DSM–5. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10, 25–51. 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153639
    1. Borsboom D. (2017). A network theory of mental disorders. World Psychiatry, 16, 5–13. 10.1002/wps.20375
    1. Borsboom D., & Cramer A. O. (2013). Network analysis: An integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 91–121. 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608
    1. Brent D., Miller G. A., Noronha J., Arean P., Barch D. A., Heimer H., et al. Vaidyanathan U. (2018). RDoC changes to the matrix CMAT workgroup update: Proposed positive valence domain revisions. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Mental Health; Retrieved from
    1. Brown T. A., Campbell L. A., Lehman C. L., Grisham J. R., & Mancill R. B. (2001). Current and lifetime comorbidity of the DSM–IV anxiety and mood disorders in a large clinical sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 585–599. 10.1037/0021-843X.110.4.585
    1. Buckholtz J. W., & Meyer-Lindenberg A. (2012). Psychopathology and the human connectome: Toward a transdiagnostic model of risk for mental illness. Neuron, 74, 990–1004. 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.06.002
    1. Bystritsky A., Nierenberg A. A., Feusner J. D., & Rabinovich M. (2012). Computational non-linear dynamical psychiatry: A new methodological paradigm for diagnosis and course of illness. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46, 428–435. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.10.013
    1. Casey B. J., Oliveri M. E., & Insel T. (2014). A neurodevelopmental perspective on the research domain criteria (RDoC) framework. Biological Psychiatry, 76, 350–353. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.01.006
    1. Caspi A., Houts R. M., Belsky D. W., Goldman-Mellor S. J., Harrington H., Israel S., et al. Moffitt T. E. (2014). The p Factor: One general psychopathology factor in the structure of psychiatric disorders? Clinical Psychological Science, 2, 119–137. 10.1177/2167702613497473
    1. Chambless D. (2002). Beware the Dodo bird: The dangers of overgeneralization. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 13–16. 10.1093/clipsy.9.1.13
    1. Chorpita B. F., Daleiden E. L., & Weisz J. R. (2005a). Identifying and selecting the common elements of evidence based interventions: A distillation and matching model. Mental Health Services Research, 7, 5–20. 10.1007/s11020-005-1962-6
    1. Chorpita B. F., Daleiden E. L., & Weisz J. R. (2005b). Modularity in the design and application of therapeutic interventions. Applied & Preventive Psychology, 11, 141–156. 10.1016/j.appsy.2005.05.002
    1. Cicchetti D., & Rogosch F. A. (1996). Equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 597–600. 10.1017/S0954579400007318
    1. Clark L. A., Cuthbert B., Lewis-Fernández R., Narrow W. E., & Reed G. M. (2017). Three approaches to understanding and classifying mental disorder: ICD-11, DSM–5, and the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 18, 72–145. 10.1177/1529100617727266
    1. Cohen Z. D., & DeRubeis R. J. (2018). Treatment selection in depression. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 14, 209–236. 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084746
    1. Compton W. M., & Guze S. B. (1995). The neo-Kraepelinian revolution in psychiatric diagnosis. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 245, 196–201. 10.1007/BF02191797
    1. Cosgrove L., Krimsky S., Vijayaraghavan M., & Schneider L. (2006). Financial ties between DSM–IV panel members and the pharmaceutical industry. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 75, 154–160. 10.1159/000091772
    1. Craddock N., & Owen M. J. (2010). The Kraepelinian dichotomy—Going, going . . . but still not gone. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 196, 92–95. 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.073429
    1. Craig T. K. J., & Boardman A. P. (1997). ABC of mental health. Common mental health problems in primary care. British Medical Journal, 314, 1609–1612. 10.1136/bmj.314.7094.1609
    1. Cramer A. O., Waldorp L. J., van der Maas H. L., & Borsboom D. (2010). Complex realities require complex theories: Refining and extending the network approach to mental disorders. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 178–193. 10.1017/S0140525X10000920
    1. Craske M. G. (2012). Transdiagnostic treatment for anxiety and depression. Depression and Anxiety, 29, 749–753. 10.1002/da.21992
    1. Cristea I. A., Kok R. N., & Cuijpers P. (2015). Efficacy of cognitive bias modification interventions in anxiety and depression: Meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 206, 7–16. 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.146761
    1. Cuijpers P., Reijnders M., & Huibers M. J. H. (2019). The role of common factors in psychotherapy outcomes. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15, 207–231. 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095424
    1. Cuthbert B. N. (2015). Research domain criteria: Toward future psychiatric nosologies. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17, 89–97.
    1. Cuthbert B. N., & Insel T. R. (2013). Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: The seven pillars of RDoC. BMC Medicine, 11, 126 10.1186/1741-7015-11-126
    1. Derubeis R. J., Gelfand L. A., German R. E., Fournier J. C., & Forand N. R. (2014). Understanding processes of change: How some patients reveal more than others-and some groups of therapists less-about what matters in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 24, 419–428. 10.1080/10503307.2013.838654
    1. Dunn B. D., Widnall E., Reed N., Owens C., Campbell J., & Kuyken W. (2019). Bringing light into darkness: A multiple baseline mixed methods case series evaluation of Augmented Depression Therapy (ADepT). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 120, 103418 10.1016/j.brat.2019.103418
    1. Eaton N. R., Krueger R. F., Markon K. E., Keyes K. M., Skodol A. E., Wall M., et al. Grant B. F. (2013). The structure and predictive validity of the internalizing disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 86–92. 10.1037/a0029598
    1. Ellard K. K., Fairholme C. P., Boisseau C. L., Farchione T., & Barlow D. H. (2010). Unified protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: Protocol development and initial outcome data. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 17, 88–101. 10.1016/j.cbpra.2009.06.002
    1. *Evans S., Weisz J. R., Carvalho A. C., Garibaldi P. M., Bearman S. K., & Chorpita B. F., & The Research Network for Youth Mental Health (2020). Effects of standard and modular psychotherapies in the treatment of youth with severe irritability. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 88, 255–268. 10.1037/ccp0000456
    1. Fairburn C. G., Cooper Z., & Shafran R. (2003). Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: A “transdiagnostic” theory and treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 509–528. 10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00088-8
    1. Fichter M. M., Quadflieg N., Fischer U. C., & Kohlboeck G. (2010). Twenty-five-year course and outcome in anxiety and depression in the Upper Bavarian Longitudinal Community Study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 122, 75–85. 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01512.x
    1. Frances A. (2009). A warning sign on the road to DSM–5: Beware of Its unintended consequences. The Psychiatric Times, 26, 8.
    1. Fried E. I. (2017). The 52 symptoms of major depression: Lack of content overlap among seven common depression scales. Journal of Affective Disorders, 208, 191–197. 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.019
    1. Fried E. I., & Nesse R. M. (2015). Depression is not a consistent syndrome: An investigation of unique symptom patterns in the STAR*D study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 172, 96–102. 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.010
    1. Funkhouser C. J., Correa K. A., Gorka S. M., Nelson B. D., Phan K. L., & Shankman S. A. (in press). The replicability and generalizability of internalizing symptom networks across five samples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology.
    1. Galatzer-Levy I. R., & Bryant R. A. (2013). 636,120 ways to have posttraumatic stress disorder. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8, 651–662. 10.1177/1745691613504115
    1. Gellatly R., & Beck A. T. (2016). Catastrophic thinking: A transdiagnostic process across psychiatric disorders. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40, 441–452. 10.1007/s10608-016-9763-3
    1. Goekoop R., & Goekoop J. G. (2014). A network view on psychiatric disorders: Network clusters of symptoms as elementary syndromes of psychopathology. PLoS ONE, 9, e112734 10.1371/journal.pone.0112734
    1. Goodkind M., Eickhoff S. B., Oathes D. J., Jiang Y., Chang A., Jones-Hagata L. B., et al. Etkin A. (2015). Identification of a common neurobiological substrate for mental illness. Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry, 72, 305–315. 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2206
    1. Green J. G., McLaughlin K. A., Berglund P. A., Gruber M. J., Sampson N. A., Zaslavsky A. M., & Kessler R. C. (2010). Childhood adversities and adult psychiatric disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication I: Associations with first onset of DSM–IV disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 113–123. 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.186
    1. Harvey A. G., Murray G., Chandler R. A., & Soehner A. (2011). Sleep disturbance as transdiagnostic: Consideration of neurobiological mechanisms. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 225–235. 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.04.003
    1. Harvey A. G., Watkins E., Mansell W., & Shafran R. (Eds.). (2004). Cognitive behavioural processes across psychological disorders: A transdiagnostic approach to research and treatment. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 10.1093/med:psych/9780198528883.001.0001
    1. Haslam N., Holland E., & Kuppens P. (2012). Categories versus dimensions in personality and psychopathology: A quantitative review of taxometric research. Psychological Medicine, 42, 903–920. 10.1017/S0033291711001966
    1. Hayes S. C., & Hofmann S. G. (Eds.). (2018). Process-based CBT: The science and core clinical competencies of cognitive behavioral therapy. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
    1. Helzer J. E., Kraemer H. C., & Krueger R. F. (2006). The feasibility and need for dimensional psychiatric diagnoses. Psychological Medicine, 36, 1671–1680. 10.1017/S003329170600821X
    1. Hicks B. M., Foster K. T., Iacono W. G., & McGue M. (2013). Genetic and environmental influences on the familial transmission of externalizing disorders in adoptive and twin offspring. Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry, 70, 1076–1083. 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.258
    1. *Hirsch C. R., Krahé C., Whyte J., Bridge L., Loizou S., Norton S., & Mathews A. (2020). Effects of modifying interpretation bias on transdiagnostic repetitive negative thinking. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 88, 226–239. 10.1037/ccp0000455
    1. Hofmeijer-Sevink M. K., Batelaan N. M., van Megen H. J., Penninx B. W., Cath D. C., van den Hout M. A., & van Balkom A. J. (2012). Clinical relevance of comorbidity in anxiety disorders: A report from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Journal of Affective Disorders, 137, 106–112. 10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.008
    1. Hyman S. E. (2010). The diagnosis of mental disorders: The problem of reification. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 155–179. 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091532
    1. Insel T. R. (2014). The NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Project: Precision medicine for psychiatry. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 395–397. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14020138
    1. Insel T., Cuthbert B., Garvey M., Heinssen R., Pine D. S., Quinn K., et al. Wang P. (2010). Research domain criteria (RDoC): Toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 748–751. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09091379
    1. Jones E. B., & Sharpe L. (2017). Cognitive bias modification: A review of meta-analyses. Journal of Affective Disorders, 223, 175–183. 10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.034
    1. *Käll A., Shafran R., Nygren T., Bennett S., Cooper Z., Coughtrey A. E., & Andersson G. (2020). A common elements approach to the development of a modular cognitive behavioural theory for chronic loneliness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 88, 269–282. 10.1037/ccp0000454
    1. Kawa S., & Giordano J. (2012). A brief historicity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Issues and implications for the future of psychiatric canon and practice. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 7, 2 10.1186/1747-5341-7-2
    1. Kendler K. S. (2008). Explanatory models for psychiatric illness. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 695–702. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07071061
    1. Kendler K. S. (2009). An historical framework for psychiatric nosology. Psychological Medicine, 39, 1935–1941. 10.1017/S0033291709005753
    1. Kendler K. S. (2012). The dappled nature of causes of psychiatric illness: Replacing the organic-functional/hardware-software dichotomy with empirically based pluralism. Molecular Psychiatry, 17, 377–388. 10.1038/mp.2011.182
    1. Kendler K. S., Aggen S. H., Knudsen G. P., Røysamb E., Neale M. C., & Reichborn-Kjennerud T. (2011). The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for syndromal and subsyndromal common DSM–IV axis I and all axis II disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 29–39. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10030340
    1. Kessler R. C., Chiu W. T., Demler O., Merikangas K. R., & Walters E. E. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM–IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 617–627. 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617
    1. Keyes K. M., Eaton N. R., Krueger R. F., McLaughlin K. A., Wall M. M., Grant B. F., & Hasin D. S. (2012). Childhood maltreatment and the structure of common psychiatric disorders. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 200, 107–115. 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.093062
    1. Khoury B., Langer E. J., & Pagnini F. (2014). The DSM: Mindful science or mindless power? A critical review. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 602 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00602
    1. Kotov R., Krueger R. F., & Watson D. (2018). A paradigm shift in psychiatric classification: The Hierarchical Taxonomy Of Psychopathology (HiTOP). World Psychiatry, 17, 24–25. 10.1002/wps.20478
    1. Kotov R., Krueger R. F., Watson D., Achenbach T. M., Althoff R. R., Bagby R. M., et al. Zimmerman M. (2017). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126, 454–477. 10.1037/abn0000258
    1. Kraemer H. C. (2007). DSM categories and dimensions in clinical and research contexts. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 16, S8–S15. 10.1002/mpr.211
    1. Krueger R. F., Kotov R., Watson D., Forbes M. K., Eaton N. R., Ruggero C. J., et al. Zimmermann J. (2018). Progress in achieving quantitative classification of psychopathology. World Psychiatry, 17, 282–293. 10.1002/wps.20566
    1. Kupfer D. J., First M. B., & Regier D. E. (Eds.). (2002). A research agenda for DSM–V. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
    1. Kuyken W., Watkins E., Holden E., White K., Taylor R. S., Byford S., et al. Dalgleish T. (2010). How does mindfulness-based cognitive therapy work? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 1105–1112. 10.1016/j.brat.2010.08.003
    1. Lahey B. B., Applegate B., Hakes J. K., Zald D. H., Hariri A. R., & Rathouz P. J. (2012). Is there a general factor of prevalent psychopathology during adulthood? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 971–977. 10.1037/a0028355
    1. Lehavot K., & Simoni J. M. (2011). The impact of minority stress on mental health and substance use among sexual minority women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79, 159–170. 10.1037/a0022839
    1. Lorenzo-Luaces L., & DeRubeis R. J. (2018). Miles to go before we sleep: Advancing the understanding of psychotherapy by modelling complex processes. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 42, 212–217. 10.1007/s10608-018-9893-x
    1. Luborsky L., Singer B., & Luborsky L. (1975). Comparative studies of psychotherapies. Is it true that “everywon has one and all must have prizes”? Archives of General Psychiatry, 32, 995–1008. 10.1001/archpsyc.1975.01760260059004
    1. MacLeod C., & Clarke P. J. F. (2015). The attentional bias modification approach to anxiety intervention. Clinical Psychological Science, 3, 58–78. 10.1177/2167702614560749
    1. MacLeod C., Rutherford E., Campbell L., Ebsworthy G., & Holker L. (2002). Selective attention and emotional vulnerability: Assessing the causal basis of their association through the experimental manipulation of attentional bias. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 107–123. 10.1037/0021-843X.111.1.107
    1. Maj M. (2005). “Psychiatric comorbidity”: An artefact of current diagnostic systems? The British Journal of Psychiatry, 186, 182–184. 10.1192/bjp.186.3.182
    1. Mansell W. (2019). Transdiagnostic psychiatry goes above and beyond classification. World Psychiatry, 18, 360–361. 10.1002/wps.20680
    1. Marecek J., & Hare-Mustin R. T. (2009). Clinical psychology: The politics of madness In Fox D., Prilleltensky I., & Austin S. (Eds.), Critical psychology: An introduction (pp. 75–92). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Ltd.
    1. Markon K. E., Chmielewski M., & Miller C. J. (2011). The reliability and validity of discrete and continuous measures of psychopathology: A quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 856–879. 10.1037/a0023678
    1. Masyn K. E., Henderson C. E., & Greenbaum P. E. (2018). Exploring the latent structures of psychological constructs in social development using the dimensional-categorical spectrum. Social Development, 12, 82–86.
    1. McEvoy P. M., Nathan P., & Norton P. J. (2009). Efficacy of transdiagnostic treatments: A review of published outcome studies and future research directions. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23, 20–33. 10.1891/0889-8391.23.1.20
    1. McNally R. J. (2016). Can network analysis transform psychopathology? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 86, 95–104. 10.1016/j.brat.2016.06.006
    1. McTeague L. M., Huemer J., Carreon D. M., Jiang Y., Eickhoff S. B., & Etkin A. (2017). Identification of common neural circuit disruptions in cognitive control across psychiatric disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 676–685. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16040400
    1. Meidlinger P. C., & Hope D. A. (2017). The new transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral treatments: Commentary for clinicians and clinical researchers. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 46, 101–109. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.11.002
    1. Meyer A. (2017). A biomarker of anxiety in children and adolescents: A review focusing on the error-related negativity (ERN) and anxiety across development. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 27, 58–68. 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.08.001
    1. Mogg K., Mathews A., & Eysenck M. (1992). Attentional bias to threat in clinical anxiety states. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 149–159. 10.1080/02699939208411064
    1. Morris S. E., & Cuthbert B. N. (2012). Research domain criteria: Cognitive systems, neural circuits, and dimensions of behavior. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 14, 29–37.
    1. Moses E. B., & Barlow D. H. (2006). A new unified treatment approach for emotional disorders based on emotion science. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 146–150. 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2006.00425.x
    1. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (U. K.) (2011). Common mental health disorders: Identification and pathways to care (NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 123). Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society; Retrieved from
    1. Newby J. M., McKinnon A., Kuyken W., Gilbody S., & Dalgleish T. (2015). Systematic review and meta-analysis of transdiagnostic psychological treatments for anxiety and depressive disorders in adulthood. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 91–110. 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.002
    1. Newby J. M., Twomey C., Yuan Li S. S., & Andrews G. (2016). Transdiagnostic computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 199, 30–41. 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.018
    1. Norcross J. C., & Wampold B. E. (2011). Evidence-based therapy relationships: Research conclusions and clinical practices. Psychotherapy, 48, 98–102. 10.1037/a0022161
    1. Norton P. J., Hayes S. A., & Hope D. A. (2004). Effects of a transdiagnostic group treatment for anxiety on secondary depression. Depression and Anxiety, 20, 198–202. 10.1002/da.20045
    1. Oquendo M. A., Galfalvy H., Russo S., Ellis S. P., Grunebaum M. F., Burke A., & Mann J. J. (2004). Prospective study of clinical predictors of suicidal acts after a major depressive episode in patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1433–1441. 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.8.1433
    1. Otowa T., Hek K., Lee M., Byrne E. M., Mirza S. S., Nivard M. G., et al. Hettema J. M. (2016). Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of anxiety disorders. Molecular Psychiatry, 21, 1391–1399. 10.1038/mp.2015.197
    1. Păsărelu C. R., Andersson G., Bergman Nordgren L., & Dobrean A. (2017). Internet-delivered transdiagnostic and tailored cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 46, 1–28. 10.1080/16506073.2016.1231219
    1. Pearl S. B., & Norton P. J. (2017). Transdiagnostic versus diagnosis specific cognitive behavioural therapies for anxiety: A meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 46, 11–24. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.004
    1. Pettersson E., Larsson H., & Lichtenstein P. (2016). Common psychiatric disorders share the same genetic origin: A multivariate sibling study of the Swedish population. Molecular Psychiatry, 21, 717–721. 10.1038/mp.2015.116
    1. Pilling S., Whittington C., Taylor C., & Kendrick T. (2011). Identification and care pathways for common mental health disorders: Summary of NICE guidance. British Medical Journal, 342, d2868 10.1136/bmj.d2868
    1. Power M. J., & Dalgleish T. (2015). Cognition and emotion: From order to disorder. London, UK: Psychology Press; 10.4324/9781315708744
    1. Proctor E. K., Landsverk J., Aarons G., Chambers D., Glisson C., & Mittman B. (2009). Implementation research in mental health services: An emerging science with conceptual, methodological, and training challenges. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 36, 24–34. 10.1007/s10488-008-0197-4
    1. Rapaport M. H., Clary C., Fayyad R., & Endicott J. (2005). Quality-of-life impairment in depressive and anxiety disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1171–1178. 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1171
    1. Regier D. A., Kuhl E. A., & Kupfer D. J. (2013). The DSM–5: Classification and criteria changes. World Psychiatry, 12, 92–98. 10.1002/wps.20050
    1. Regier D. A., Narrow W. E., Clarke D. E., Kraemer H. C., Kuramoto S. J., Kuhl E. A., & Kupfer D. J. (2013). DSM–5 field trials in the United States and Canada, Part II: Test-retest reliability of selected categorical diagnoses. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 59–70. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12070999
    1. Reinholt N., & Krogh J. (2014). Efficacy of transdiagnostic cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published outcome studies. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 43, 171–184. 10.1080/16506073.2014.897367
    1. Ruggero C. J., Kotov R., Hopwood C. J., First M., Clark L. A., Skodol A. E., et al. Zimmermann J. (2019). Integrating the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) into clinical practice. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 87, 1069–1084. 10.1037/ccp0000452
    1. Santor D. A., Gregus M., & Welch A. (2006). FOCUS ARTICLE: Eight Decades of Measurement in Depression. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 4, 135–155. 10.1207/s15366359mea0403_1
    1. Sauer-Zavala S., Gutner C. A., Farchione T. J., Boettcher H. T., Bullis J. R., & Barlow D. H. (2017). Current definitions of “transdiagnostic” in treatment development: A search for consensus. Behavior Therapy, 48, 128–138. 10.1016/j.beth.2016.09.004
    1. *Schweizer T. H., Snyder H. R., Young J. F., & Hankin B. L. (2020). The breadth and potency of transdiagnostic cognitive risks for psychopathology in youth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 88, 196–211. 10.1037/ccp0000470
    1. Shanmugan S., Wolf D. H., Calkins M. E., Moore T. M., Ruparel K., Hopson R. D., et al. Satterthwaite T. D. (2016). Common and dissociable mechanisms of executive system dysfunction across psychiatric disorders in youth. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 517–526. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15060725
    1. Sharma A., Wolf D. H., Ciric R., Kable J. W., Moore T. M., Vandekar S. N., et al. Satterthwaite T. D. (2017). Common dimensional reward deficits across mood and psychotic disorders: A connectome-wide association study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 657–666. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16070774
    1. Slade T., & Watson D. (2006). The structure of common DSM–IV and ICD-10 mental disorders in the Australian general population. Psychological Medicine, 36, 1593–1600. 10.1017/S0033291706008452
    1. Snyder H. R., Young J. F., & Hankin B. L. (2017). Strong homotypic continuity in common psychopathology, internalizing and externalizing specific factors over time in adolescents. Clinical Psychological Science, 5, 98–110. 10.1177/2167702616651076
    1. Steele S. J., Farchione T. J., Cassiello-Robbins C., Ametaj A., Sbi S., Sauer-Zavala S., & Barlow D. H. (2018). Efficacy of the Unified Protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of comorbid psychopathology accompanying emotional disorders compared to treatments targeting single disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 104, 211–216. 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.005
    1. Sunderland M., Carragher N., Chapman C., Mills K., Teesson M., Lockwood E., et al. Slade T. (2016). The shared and specific relationships between exposure to potentially traumatic events and transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 38, 102–109. 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.02.001
    1. Swartz J. R., Knodt A. R., Radtke S. R., & Hariri A. R. (2015). A neural biomarker of psychological vulnerability to future life stress. Neuron, 85, 505–511. 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.055
    1. Teasdale J. D. (1988). Cognitive vulnerability to persistent depression. Cognition and Emotion, 2, 247–274. 10.1080/02699938808410927
    1. Ussher J. M. (2010). Are we medicalizing women’s misery? A critical review of women’s higher rates of reported depression. Feminism & Psychology, 20, 9–35. 10.1177/0959353509350213
    1. van Loo H. M., & Romeijn J. W. (2015). Psychiatric comorbidity: Fact or artifact? Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 36, 41–60. 10.1007/s11017-015-9321-0
    1. Wahl K., Ehring T., Kley H., Lieb R., Meyer A., Kordon A., et al. Schönfeld S. (2019). Is repetitive negative thinking a transdiagnostic process? A comparison of key processes of RNT in depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and community controls. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 64, 45–53. 10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.02.006
    1. Wakefield J. C. (2014). Wittgenstein’s nightmare: Why the RDoC grid needs a conceptual dimension. World Psychiatry, 13, 38–40. 10.1002/wps.20097
    1. Waszczuk M. A., Zimmerman M., Ruggero C., Li K., MacNamara A., Weinberg A., et al. Kotov R. (2017). What do clinicians treat: Diagnoses or symptoms? The incremental validity of a symptom-based, dimensional characterization of emotional disorders in predicting medication prescription patterns. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 79, 80–88. 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.04.004
    1. Watkins E. R. (2016). Rumination-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy for depression. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
    1. Watkins E. (2018). Examining transdiagnostic interventions: Reviewing conceptual and methodological issues. Keynote address delivered at the 2018 Conference on Transdiagnostic Approaches to Mental Health Challenges, Cambridge, UK.
    1. Weinberg A., Kotov R., & Proudfit G. H. (2015). Neural indicators of error processing in generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124, 172–185. 10.1037/abn0000019
    1. Wells A., & Matthews G. (1994). Attention and emotion: A clinical perspective. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    1. Werner-Seidler A., Hitchcock C., Bevan A., McKinnon A., Gillard J., Dahm T., et al. Dalgleish T. (2018). A cluster randomized controlled platform trial comparing group MEmory specificity training (MEST) to group psychoeducation and supportive counselling (PSC) in the treatment of recurrent depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 105, 1–9. 10.1016/j.brat.2018.03.004
    1. Widiger T. A., & Samuel D. B. (2005). Diagnostic categories or dimensions? A question for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders–5th edition. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 494–504.
    1. Wiggins J. L., Mitchell C., Hyde L. W., & Monk C. S. (2015). Identifying early pathways of risk and resilience: The codevelopment of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and the role of harsh parenting. Development and Psychopathology, 27, 1295–1312. 10.1017/S0954579414001412
    1. Wittchen H. U., Carter R. M., Pfister H., Montgomery S. A., & Kessler R. C. (2000). Disabilities and quality of life in pure and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder and major depression in a national survey. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 15, 319–328. 10.1097/00004850-200015060-00002
    1. Wittchen H. U., Jacobi F., Rehm J., Gustavsson A., Svensson M., Jönsson B., et al. Steinhausen H. C. (2011). The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 21, 655–679. 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.07.018
    1. Wittchen H. U., Nocon A., Beesdo K., Pine D. S., Hofler M., Lieb R., & Gloster A. T. (2008). Agoraphobia and panic. Prospective-longitudinal relations suggest a rethinking of diagnostic concepts. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 77, 147–157. 10.1159/000116608
    1. *Woods W. C., Arizmendi C., Gates K. M., Stepp S. D., Pilkonis P. A., & Wright A. (2020). Personalized models of psychopathology as contextualized dynamic processes: An example from individuals with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 88, 240–254. 10.1037/ccp0000472

Source: PubMed

Спонсоры и соавторы

Заболевания

Медикаментозные вмешательства

Подписаться