Parathyroid hormone applications in the craniofacial skeleton

Abstract

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is known for its ability to 'build' bone, with research in this area centered on its use as an osteoporosis therapeutic. Recent interest has developed regarding its potential for regenerative applications such as fracture healing and osseous defects of the oral cavity. Many years of investigation using murine gene-targeted models substantiate a role for signaling at the PTH/PTH-related protein (PTHrP) receptor (PPR) in intramembranous bone formation in the craniofacial region as well as in tooth development. Pre-clinical studies clearly support a positive role of intermittent PTH administration in craniofacial bones and in fracture healing and implant integration. A few human clinical studies have shown favorable responses with teriparatide (the biologically active fragment of PTH) administration. Favorable outcomes have emerged with teriparatide administration in patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). New delivery strategies are in development to optimize targeted application of PTH and to help maximize local approaches. The promising host-modulating potential of PTH requires more information to further its effectiveness for craniofacial regeneration and osseous wound-healing, including a better delineation of cellular targets, temporal effects of PTH action, and improved approaches for local/targeted delivery of PTH.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no other potential conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure.

Overview of the impact of PTH 1-34 on the craniofacial skeleton. Most studies have been performed in rodent models (left), with positive outcomes particularly in the mandible and calvaria. Positive data are now emerging in humans (right) in the areas of periodontal disease, implant integration, and resolution of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ).