Effects of teriparatide on bone formation in rats with experimentally induced premaxillary expansion

Yasin Çamili, Sıddık Malkoç, Aslı Taşlidere, Zehra Ileri, Ozge Celik Guler, Yasin Çamili, Sıddık Malkoç, Aslı Taşlidere, Zehra Ileri, Ozge Celik Guler

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of systemic teriparatide on sutural bone formation after premaxillary suture expansion in rats.

Material and methods: Twenty Wistar male rats (8-10 weeks old) were randomly divided into two groups, namely, control (C, n=10) and teriparatide (T, n=10). An expansion force was applied to the maxillary incisors using helical spring for a seven-day expansion period, for both groups. On the eighth day, the rats were kept for a seven-day consolidation period, and then 60 µg/kg teriparatide (once a day) was administered to group T subcutaneously for seven days. Then, all the rats were sacrificed, and histological sections were stained with hemotoxylin-eosin for examination. Anti-osteonectin, anti-osteocalcin, anti-Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis in the midpalatal suture area.

Results: Histologically, the newly formed bone tissue was observed to be larger in group T than in group C. The number of immunoreactive osteoblasts for osteonectin, osteocalcin and VEGF antibodies was significantly higher in group T than in group C (p = 0.0001). The TGF-β antibody showed a mild reaction in group T, but did not reach significance in comparison with group C (p ˃ 0.05).

Conclusion: Systemic teriparatide application following the premaxillary expansion of the suture area may stimulate bone formation and add to the consolidation of the expansion in rats by regulating osteonectin, osteocalcin and VEGF.

Figures

Figure 1:. Measured values between the mesial…
Figure 1:. Measured values between the mesial edges of the two incisors of the subject after the expansion period (E) and the consolidation period (C). The Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests were used for statistical analysis. No difference was found for the distance (p˃ 0.05). T-E = Teriparatide group-Expansion period; T-C = Teriparatide group-Consolidation period; C-E = Control group-Expansion period; C-C = Control group-Consolidation period).
Figure 2:. Image of the expansion spring…
Figure 2:. Image of the expansion spring (A), the retention regions of upper incisors for appliance (B), appearance of the appliance in the mouth (C), after expansion and opening of the suture (D).
Figure 3:. Body weights before expansion (E)…
Figure 3:. Body weights before expansion (E) and before sacrifice (S) of the groups. The Mann-Whitney U and Friedman tests were used for statistical analysis. No difference was found in body weights (p ˃ 0.05). T-E = Teriparatide group-Expansion period; T-S = Teriparatide group-Sacrifice period; C-E = Control group-Expansion period; C-S = Control group- Sacrifice period).
Figure 4:. Midpalatal suture photographs obtained in…
Figure 4:. Midpalatal suture photographs obtained in Group T. T = Teriparatide group, S = Suture region, Nb = New bone region, Ob = Osteoblast, Cp = Capillary. A) H-E; X4, B) H-E; X10, C) H-E; X20.
Figure 5:. Midpalatal suture photographs obtained in…
Figure 5:. Midpalatal suture photographs obtained in Group C. C = Control group, S = Suture region, Nb = New bone region, Ob = Osteoblast, Cp = Capillary. A) H-E; X4, B) H-E; X10, C) H-E; X20.
Figure 6:. Immunohistochemical staining of the suture…
Figure 6:. Immunohistochemical staining of the suture specimens. Osteocalcin (A- Group C, B- Group T), Osteonectin (C- Group C, D- Group T), VEGF (E- Group C, F- Group T) and TGF- β (G- Group C, H- Group T). Except for TGF-β, positive stained brown cells were observed in Group T. There were no positive stained cells in the suture zone of Group C, X40. T = Teriparatide group, C = Control group.
Figure 7:. Immunohistochemical evaluations. The Mann-Whitney U…
Figure 7:. Immunohistochemical evaluations. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Osteonectin, osteocalcin and VEGF antibodies were significantly higher in group T than in group C (p ϕ,δ,* = 0.0001), but no differences were found in TGF-β antibody (p ˃ 0.05) for osteoblastic immunoreactivity. T = Teriparatide group, C = Control group.

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