The Effect of Two Speed Endurance Training Regimes on Performance of Soccer Players

F Marcello Iaia, Matteo Fiorenza, Enrico Perri, Giampietro Alberti, Grégoire P Millet, Jens Bangsbo, F Marcello Iaia, Matteo Fiorenza, Enrico Perri, Giampietro Alberti, Grégoire P Millet, Jens Bangsbo

Abstract

In order to better understand the specificity of training adaptations, we compared the effects of two different anaerobic training regimes on various types of soccer-related exercise performances. During the last 3 weeks of the competitive season, thirteen young male professional soccer players (age 18.5±1 yr, height 179.5±6.5 cm, body mass 74.3±6.5 kg) reduced the training volume by ~20% and replaced their habitual fitness conditioning work with either speed endurance production (SEP; n = 6) or speed endurance maintenance (SEM; n = 7) training, three times per wk. SEP training consisted of 6-8 reps of 20-s all-out running bouts followed by 2 min of passive recovery, whereas SEM training was characterized by 6-8 x 20-s all-out efforts interspersed with 40 s of passive recovery. SEP training reduced (p<0.01) the total time in a repeated sprint ability test (RSAt) by 2.5%. SEM training improved the 200-m sprint performance (from 26.59±0.70 to 26.02±0.62 s, p<0.01) and had a likely beneficial impact on the percentage decrement score of the RSA test (from 4.07±1.28 to 3.55±1.01%) but induced a very likely impairment in RSAt (from 83.81±2.37 to 84.65±2.27 s). The distance covered in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 2 was 10.1% (p<0.001) and 3.8% (p<0.05) higher after SEP and SEM training, respectively, with possibly greater improvements following SEP compared to SEM. No differences were observed in the 20- and 40-m sprint performances. In conclusion, these two training strategies target different determinants of soccer-related physical performance. SEP improved repeated sprint and high-intensity intermittent exercise performance, whereas SEM increased muscles' ability to maximize fatigue tolerance and maintain speed development during both repeated all-out and continuous short-duration maximal exercises. These results provide new insight into the precise nature of a stimulus necessary to improve specific types of athletic performance in trained young soccer players.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1. Mean running speed within 8…
Fig 1. Mean running speed within 8 bouts of either a SEP (black bars) or a SEM (white bars) training session.
* Significantly different from SEP (p

Fig 2. Relative changes for 20-m, 40-m…

Fig 2. Relative changes for 20-m, 40-m and 200-m sprint time, Yo-Yo IR2 distance, total…

Fig 2. Relative changes for 20-m, 40-m and 200-m sprint time, Yo-Yo IR2 distance, total sprint time (RSAt) and percentage decrement score (RSASdec) of the repeated sprint ability test following speed endurance production (SEP) and speed endurance maintenance (SEM) training (bars indicate 90% confidence intervals).
Trivial area was computed from the smallest worthwhile change (see methods).

Fig 3. Speed endurance production (SEP) compared…

Fig 3. Speed endurance production (SEP) compared with speed endurance maintenance (SEM) training.

Effectiveness of…

Fig 3. Speed endurance production (SEP) compared with speed endurance maintenance (SEM) training.
Effectiveness of SEP compared with SEM training to improve 20-, 40- and 200-m sprint time, Yo-Yo IR2 performance as well as total sprint time (RSAt) and percentage decrement score (RSASdec) of the repeated sprint ability test.

Fig 4. Relationship between relative changes in…

Fig 4. Relationship between relative changes in 200-m sprint time and changes in rate of…

Fig 4. Relationship between relative changes in 200-m sprint time and changes in rate of blood lactate accumulation.
Fig 2. Relative changes for 20-m, 40-m…
Fig 2. Relative changes for 20-m, 40-m and 200-m sprint time, Yo-Yo IR2 distance, total sprint time (RSAt) and percentage decrement score (RSASdec) of the repeated sprint ability test following speed endurance production (SEP) and speed endurance maintenance (SEM) training (bars indicate 90% confidence intervals).
Trivial area was computed from the smallest worthwhile change (see methods).
Fig 3. Speed endurance production (SEP) compared…
Fig 3. Speed endurance production (SEP) compared with speed endurance maintenance (SEM) training.
Effectiveness of SEP compared with SEM training to improve 20-, 40- and 200-m sprint time, Yo-Yo IR2 performance as well as total sprint time (RSAt) and percentage decrement score (RSASdec) of the repeated sprint ability test.
Fig 4. Relationship between relative changes in…
Fig 4. Relationship between relative changes in 200-m sprint time and changes in rate of blood lactate accumulation.

References

    1. Iaia FM, Bangsbo J. Speed endurance training is a powerful stimulus for physiological adaptations and performance improvements of athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010. October;20 Suppl 2:11–23. 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01193.x
    1. Coffey VG, Hawley JA. The molecular bases of training adaptation. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2007;37(9):737–63.
    1. Mohr M, Krustrup P, Nielsen JJ, Nybo L, Rasmussen MK, Juel C, et al. Effect of two different intense training regimens on skeletal muscle ion transport proteins and fatigue development. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007. April;292(4):R1594–602.
    1. Buchheit M, Laursen PB. High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2013. May;43(5):313–38.
    1. Bishop D, Girard O, Mendez-Villanueva A. Repeated-sprint ability—part II: recommendations for training. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2011. September 1;41(9):741–56.
    1. Bangsbo J, Gunnarsson TP, Wendell J, Nybo L, Thomassen M. Reduced volume and increased training intensity elevate muscle Na+-K+ pump alpha2-subunit expression as well as short- and long-term work capacity in humans. J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md 1985. 2009. December;107(6):1771–80.
    1. Cicioni-Kolsky D, Lorenzen C, Williams MD, Kemp JG. Endurance and sprint benefits of high-intensity and supramaximal interval training. Eur J Sport Sci. 2013;13(3):304–11. 10.1080/17461391.2011.606844
    1. Dawson B, Fitzsimons M, Green S, Goodman C, Carey M, Cole K. Changes in performance, muscle metabolites, enzymes and fibre types after short sprint training. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1998. July;78(2):163–9.
    1. Gibala MJ, Little JP, van Essen M, Wilkin GP, Burgomaster KA, Safdar A, et al. Short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance. J Physiol. 2006. September 15;575(Pt 3):901–11.
    1. Iaia FM, Thomassen M, Kolding H, Gunnarsson T, Wendell J, Rostgaard T, et al. Reduced volume but increased training intensity elevates muscle Na+-K+ pump alpha1-subunit and NHE1 expression as well as short-term work capacity in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008. March;294(3):R966–74.
    1. Saraslanidis P, Petridou A, Bogdanis GC, Galanis N, Tsalis G, Kellis S, et al. Muscle metabolism and performance improvement after two training programmes of sprint running differing in rest interval duration. J Sports Sci. 2011. August;29(11):1167–74. 10.1080/02640414.2011.583672
    1. Burgomaster KA, Cermak NM, Phillips SM, Benton CR, Bonen A, Gibala MJ. Divergent response of metabolite transport proteins in human skeletal muscle after sprint interval training and detraining. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007. May;292(5):R1970–6.
    1. Burgomaster KA, Heigenhauser GJF, Gibala MJ. Effect of short-term sprint interval training on human skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism during exercise and time-trial performance. J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md 1985. 2006. June;100(6):2041–7.
    1. Burgomaster KA, Hughes SC, Heigenhauser GJF, Bradwell SN, Gibala MJ. Six sessions of sprint interval training increases muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity in humans. J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md 1985. 2005. June;98(6):1985–90.
    1. Esfarjani F, Laursen PB. Manipulating high-intensity interval training: effects on VO2max, the lactate threshold and 3000 m running performance in moderately trained males. J Sci Med Sport Sports Med Aust. 2007. February;10(1):27–35.
    1. Hazell TJ, Macpherson REK, Gravelle BMR, Lemon PWR. 10 or 30-s sprint interval training bouts enhance both aerobic and anaerobic performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010. September;110(1):153–60. 10.1007/s00421-010-1474-y
    1. Laursen PB, Shing CM, Peake JM, Coombes JS, Jenkins DG. Interval training program optimization in highly trained endurance cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002. November;34(11):1801–7.
    1. Stepto NK, Hawley JA, Dennis SC, Hopkins WG. Effects of different interval-training programs on cycling time-trial performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999. May;31(5):736–41.
    1. McKenna MJ, Schmidt TA, Hargreaves M, Cameron L, Skinner SL, Kjeldsen K. Sprint training increases human skeletal muscle Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase concentration and improves K+ regulation. J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md 1985. 1993. July;75(1):173–80.
    1. Ortenblad N, Lunde PK, Levin K, Andersen JL, Pedersen PK. Enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release following intermittent sprint training. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2000. July;279(1):R152–60.
    1. MacDougall JD, Hicks AL, MacDonald JR, McKelvie RS, Green HJ, Smith KM. Muscle performance and enzymatic adaptations to sprint interval training. J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md 1985. 1998. June;84(6):2138–42.
    1. Sharp RL, Costill DL, Fink WJ, King DS. Effects of eight weeks of bicycle ergometer sprint training on human muscle buffer capacity. Int J Sports Med. 1986. February;7(1):13–7.
    1. Burgomaster KA, Howarth KR, Phillips SM, Rakobowchuk M, Macdonald MJ, McGee SL, et al. Similar metabolic adaptations during exercise after low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance training in humans. J Physiol. 2008. January 1;586(1):151–60.
    1. Roberts AD, Billeter R, Howald H. Anaerobic muscle enzyme changes after interval training. Int J Sports Med. 1982. February;3(1):18–21.
    1. Rønnestad BR, Hansen J, Vegge G, Tønnessen E, Slettaløkken G. Short intervals induce superior training adaptations compared with long intervals in cyclists—An effort-matched approach. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014. January 1;
    1. Jacobs RA, Flück D, Bonne TC, Bürgi S, Christensen PM, Toigo M, et al. Improvements in exercise performance with high-intensity interval training coincide with an increase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and function. J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md 1985. 2013. September;115(6):785–93.
    1. Little JP, Safdar A, Wilkin GP, Tarnopolsky MA, Gibala MJ. A practical model of low-volume high-intensity interval training induces mitochondrial biogenesis in human skeletal muscle: potential mechanisms. J Physiol. 2010. March 15;588(Pt 6):1011–22. 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.181743
    1. Buchheit M, Mendez-Villanueva A, Delhomel G, Brughelli M, Ahmaidi S. Improving repeated sprint ability in young elite soccer players: repeated shuttle sprints vs. explosive strength training. J Strength Cond Res Natl Strength Cond Assoc. 2010. October;24(10):2715–22.
    1. Buchheit M, Mendez-Villanueva A, Quod M, Quesnel T, Ahmaidi S. Improving acceleration and repeated sprint ability in well-trained adolescent handball players: speed versus sprint interval training. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2010. June;5(2):152–64.
    1. Ferrari Bravo D, Impellizzeri FM, Rampinini E, Castagna C, Bishop D, Wisloff U. Sprint vs. interval training in football. Int J Sports Med. 2008. August;29(8):668–74.
    1. Serpiello FR, McKenna MJ, Stepto NK, Bishop DJ, Aughey RJ. Performance and physiological responses to repeated-sprint exercise: a novel multiple-set approach. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011. April;111(4):669–78. 10.1007/s00421-010-1687-0
    1. Tønnessen E, Shalfawi SAI, Haugen T, Enoksen E. The effect of 40-m repeated sprint training on maximum sprinting speed, repeated sprint speed endurance, vertical jump, and aerobic capacity in young elite male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res Natl Strength Cond Assoc. 2011. September;25(9):2364–70.
    1. Brocherie F, Millet GP, Girard O. Neuro-mechanical and metabolic adjustments to the repeated anaerobic sprint test in professional football players. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2015. May;115(5):891–903. 10.1007/s00421-014-3070-z
    1. Ingebrigtsen J, Shalfawi SAI, Tønnessen E, Krustrup P, Holtermann A. Performance effects of 6 weeks of aerobic production training in junior elite soccer players. J Strength Cond Res Natl Strength Cond Assoc. 2013. July;27(7):1861–7.
    1. Thomassen M, Christensen PM, Gunnarsson TP, Nybo L, Bangsbo J. Effect of 2-wk intensified training and inactivity on muscle Na+-K+ pump expression, phospholemman (FXYD1) phosphorylation, and performance in soccer players. J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md 1985. 2010. April;108(4):898–905.
    1. Gunnarsson TP, Christensen PM, Holse K, Christiansen D, Bangsbo J. Effect of additional speed endurance training on performance and muscle adaptations. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012. October;44(10):1942–8. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31825ca446
    1. Buchheit M. Should we be recommending repeated sprints to improve repeated-sprint performance? Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2012. February 1;42(2):169–72; author reply 172–3.
    1. Impellizzeri FM, Rampinini E, Coutts AJ, Sassi A, Marcora SM. Use of RPE-based training load in soccer. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004. June;36(6):1042–7.
    1. Balsom PD, Gaitanos GC, Söderlund K, Ekblom B. High-intensity exercise and muscle glycogen availability in humans. Acta Physiol Scand. 1999. April;165(4):337–45.
    1. Dupont G, Millet GP, Guinhouya C, Berthoin S. Relationship between oxygen uptake kinetics and performance in repeated running sprints. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005. September;95(1):27–34.
    1. Glaister M, Howatson G, Pattison JR, McInnes G. The reliability and validity of fatigue measures during multiple-sprint work: an issue revisited. J Strength Cond Res Natl Strength Cond Assoc. 2008. September;22(5):1597–601.
    1. Bangsbo J, Iaia FM, Krustrup P. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test : a useful tool for evaluation of physical performance in intermittent sports. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2008;38(1):37–51.
    1. Batterham AM, Hopkins WG. Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2006. March;1(1):50–7.
    1. Hopkins WG, Marshall SW, Batterham AM, Hanin J. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009. January;41(1):3–13. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278
    1. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. L. Erlbaum Associates; 1988. 594 p.
    1. Buchheit M, Laursen PB. High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle. Part II: anaerobic energy, neuromuscular load and practical applications. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2013. October;43(10):927–54.
    1. Girard O, Mendez-Villanueva A, Bishop D. Repeated-sprint ability—part I: factors contributing to fatigue. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2011. August 1;41(8):673–94.
    1. Edge J, Eynon N, McKenna MJ, Goodman CA, Harris RC, Bishop DJ. Altering the rest interval during high-intensity interval training does not affect muscle or performance adaptations. Exp Physiol. 2013. February;98(2):481–90. 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.067603
    1. Faiss R, Léger B, Vesin J-M, Fournier P-E, Eggel Y, Dériaz O, et al. Significant molecular and systemic adaptations after repeated sprint training in hypoxia. PloS One. 2013;8(2):e56522 10.1371/journal.pone.0056522
    1. Bogdanis GC, Nevill ME, Lakomy HK, Boobis LH. Power output and muscle metabolism during and following recovery from 10 and 20 s of maximal sprint exercise in humans. Acta Physiol Scand. 1998. July;163(3):261–72.
    1. Ren JM, Hultman E. Regulation of phosphorylase a activity in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md 1985. 1990. September;69(3):919–23.
    1. Iaia FM, Perez-Gomez J, Thomassen M, Nordsborg NB, Hellsten Y, Bangsbo J. Relationship between performance at different exercise intensities and skeletal muscle characteristics. J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md 1985. 2011. June;110(6):1555–63.
    1. Jensen L, Bangsbo J, Hellsten Y. Effect of high intensity training on capillarization and presence of angiogenic factors in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2004. June 1;557(Pt 2):571–82.
    1. Iaia FM, Hellsten Y, Nielsen JJ, Fernström M, Sahlin K, Bangsbo J. Four weeks of speed endurance training reduces energy expenditure during exercise and maintains muscle oxidative capacity despite a reduction in training volume. J Appl Physiol Bethesda Md 1985. 2009. January;106(1):73–80.
    1. Mohr M, Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. J Sports Sci. 2003. July;21(7):519–28.
    1. Ade JD, Harley JA, Bradley PS. Physiological response, time-motion characteristics, and reproducibility of various speed-endurance drills in elite youth soccer players: small-sided games versus generic running. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014. May;9(3):471–9. 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0390
    1. Di Mascio M, Bradley PS. Evaluation of the most intense high-intensity running period in English FA premier league soccer matches. J Strength Cond Res Natl Strength Cond Assoc. 2013. April;27(4):909–15.
    1. Puype J, Van Proeyen K, Raymackers J-M, Deldicque L, Hespel P. Sprint interval training in hypoxia stimulates glycolytic enzyme activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013. November;45(11):2166–74. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31829734ae
    1. Walklate BM, O’Brien BJ, Paton CD, Young W. Supplementing regular training with short-duration sprint-agility training leads to a substantial increase in repeated sprint-agility performance with national level badminton players. J Strength Cond Res Natl Strength Cond Assoc. 2009. August;23(5):1477–81.

Source: PubMed

Спонсоры и соавторы

Заболевания

Медикаментозные вмешательства

Подписаться