Six steps in quality intervention development (6SQuID)

Daniel Wight, Erica Wimbush, Ruth Jepson, Lawrence Doi, Daniel Wight, Erica Wimbush, Ruth Jepson, Lawrence Doi

Abstract

Improving the effectiveness of public health interventions relies as much on the attention paid to their design and feasibility as to their evaluation. Yet, compared to the vast literature on how to evaluate interventions, there is little to guide researchers or practitioners on how best to develop such interventions in practical, logical, evidence based ways to maximise likely effectiveness. Existing models for the development of public health interventions tend to have a strong social-psychological, individual behaviour change orientation and some take years to implement. This paper presents a pragmatic guide to six essential Steps for Quality Intervention Development (6SQuID). The focus is on public health interventions but the model should have wider applicability. Once a problem has been identified as needing intervention, the process of designing an intervention can be broken down into six crucial steps: (1) defining and understanding the problem and its causes; (2) identifying which causal or contextual factors are modifiable: which have the greatest scope for change and who would benefit most; (3) deciding on the mechanisms of change; (4) clarifying how these will be delivered; (5) testing and adapting the intervention; and (6) collecting sufficient evidence of effectiveness to proceed to a rigorous evaluation. If each of these steps is carefully addressed, better use will be made of scarce public resources by avoiding the costly evaluation, or implementation, of unpromising interventions.

Keywords: GENDER; HEALTH PROMOTION; PREVENTION; PUBLIC HEALTH.

Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Causal pathways perpetuating gender-based violence.

References

    1. Speller V, Learmonth A, Harrison D. The search for evidence of effective health promotion. BMJ 1997;315:361–3. 10.1136/bmj.315.7104.361
    1. Pawson T, Tilley N.. Realistic evaluation. London: Sage, 1997.
    1. MRC. A framework for the development and evaluation of RCTs for complex interventions to improve health. London: Medical Research Council, 2000.
    1. MRC. Development and evaluation of complex interventions: new guidance. London: Medical Research Council, 2008.
    1. Shadish WR, Cook TD, Campbell DT. Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalised causal inference. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co, 2002.
    1. Bartholomew LK, Parcel GS, Kok G. Intervention mapping: a process for developing theory- and evidence-based health education programs. Health Educ Behav 1998;25:545–63. 10.1177/109019819802500502
    1. de Zoysa J, Habicht P, Pelto G, et al. . Research steps in the development and evaluation of public health interventions. Bull World Health Organ 1998;76:127–33.
    1. Green L, Kreuter MK. Health program planning: an educational and ecological approach. 4th edn New York: McGraw Hill, 2005.
    1. Campbell NC, Murray E, Darbyshire J, et al. . Designing and evaluating complex interventions to improve health care. BMJ 2007;334:455–9. 10.1136/
    1. CORE Group. Designing for Behaviour Change Framework. Washington: CORE Group and USAID 2008.
    1. Rogers JP. Using programme theory to evaluate complicated and complex aspects of interventions. Evaluation 2008;14:29–48. 10.1177/1356389007084674
    1. Whitehead M, Dahlgren G. What can be done about inequalities in health? Lancet 1991;338:1059–63. 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91911-D
    1. Frieden TR. A framework for public health action: the health impact pyramid. Am J Public Health 2010;100:590–5. 10.2105/AJPH.2009.185652
    1. Capewell S. The public health science & policy interface: defining & overcoming the barriers to implementation. Keynote Address to the Lancet Public Health Science Conference; London, 29 November 2013.
    1. Macintyre S. Inequalities in health in Scotland: what are they and what can we do about them? Occasional paper No. 17 Glasgow: MRC Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, 2007.
    1. Matland RF. Synthesising the implementation literature: the ambiguity-conflict model of policy implementation. J Public Adm Res Theory: J-PART 1995;5: 145–74.
    1. DeLeon P, Deleon L. What ever happened to policy implementation? An alternative approach. J Public Adm Res Theory: J-PART 2002;12:467–92. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a003544
    1. Cavanagh S, Chadwick K. Health needs assessment: a practical guide. London: NICE, 2005. (accessed Jan 2014).
    1. Funnell S, Rogers P.. Purposeful programme theory: effective use of theories of change and logic models. CA: Jossey Bass, 2011.
    1. McLeroy KR, Bibeau D, Steckler A, et al. . An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Educ Q 1988;15:351–77. 10.1177/109019818801500401
    1. Heise L, Ellsberg M, Gottmoeller M, et al. . A global overview of gender-based violence. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002;78(Suppl 1):S5–14. 10.1016/S0020-7292(02)00038-3
    1. Jewkes R. Rape perpetration: a review. Pretoria: Sexual Violence Research Initiative 2012.
    1. Knerr W, Gardner F, Cluver L. Improving positive parenting skills and reducing harsh and abusive parenting in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Prev Sci 2013;14:352–63. 10.1007/s11121-012-0314-1
    1. Population Council. Sexual and Gender Based Violence in Africa. Literature Review. Nairobi: Population Council 2008.
    1. Heise LL. Violence against women: an integrated, ecological framework. Violence Against Women 1998;4:262–90. 10.1177/1077801298004003002
    1. WHO. Violence against women: prevalence. (accessed Sep 2015).
    1. Hawe P, Shiell A, Riley T. Theorising interventions as events in systems. Am J Community Psychol 2009;43:267–76. 10.1007/s10464-009-9229-9
    1. Bandura A. Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Educ Behav 2004;31:143–64. 10.1177/1090198104263660
    1. Ajzen I, Fishbein M. Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1980.
    1. Hardeman W, Johnston M, Johnston D, et al. . Application of the theory of planned behaviour in behaviour change interventions: a systematic review. Psychol Health 2002;17:123–58. 10.1080/08870440290013644a
    1. Bridle C, Riemsma RP, Pattenden J, et al. . Systematic review of the effectiveness of health behavior interventions based on the transtheoretical model. Psychol Health 2005;20:283–301. 10.1080/08870440512331333997
    1. Lorenc T, Oliver K. Adverse effects of public health interventions: a conceptual framework. J Epidemiol Community Health 2014;68:288–90 10.1136/jech-2013-203118
    1. MRC. Guidance for process evaluation of complex interventions. London: Medical Research Council, 2014.

Source: PubMed

Спонсоры и соавторы

Заболевания

Медикаментозные вмешательства

Подписаться