Neural Processes Underlying Mirror-Induced Visual Illusion: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis

Umar Muhammad Bello, Georg S Kranz, Stanley John Winser, Chetwyn C H Chan, Umar Muhammad Bello, Georg S Kranz, Stanley John Winser, Chetwyn C H Chan

Abstract

Introduction: Neuroimaging studies on neural processes associated with mirror-induced visual illusion (MVI) are growing in number. Previous systematic reviews on these studies used qualitative approaches. Objective: The present study conducted activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to locate the brain areas for unfolding the neural processes associated with the MVI. Method: We searched the CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, and PubMed databases and identified eight studies (with 14 experiments) that met the inclusion criteria. Results: Contrasting with a rest condition, strong convergence in the bilateral primary and premotor areas and the inferior parietal lobule suggested top-down motor planning and execution. In addition, convergence was identified in the ipsilateral precuneus, cerebellum, superior frontal gyrus, and superior parietal lobule, clusters corresponding to the static hidden hand indicating self-processing operations, somatosensory processing, and motor control. When contrasting with an active movement condition, additional substantial convergence was revealed in visual-related areas, such as the ipsilateral cuneus, fusiform gyrus, middle occipital gyrus (visual area V2) and lingual gyrus, which mediate basic visual processing. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, the current meta-analysis is the first to reveal the visualization, mental rehearsal and motor-related processes underpinning the MVI and offers theoretical support on using MVI as a clinical intervention for post-stroke patients.

Keywords: activation likelihood estimation; cuneus; meta-analysis; mirror-induced visual illusion; premotor.

Copyright © 2020 Bello, Kranz, Winser and Chan.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study flowchart.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Overall meta-analytic results showing convergence of brain areas found to associate with the MVI condition when contrasted with the baseline/resting condition (13 experiments with 152 foci). Note: The MVI tasks involved moving left hand (right-left flipped coordinates for moving right hand). Labels: CB-PL, cerebellum-posterior lobe; CB-AL, cerebellum-anterior lobe; S1, primary somatosensory cortex; M1/PMC, primary motor cortex/premotor cortex; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; IPL, inferior parietal lobulem; SPL, superior parietal lobule; PreC, precuneus.
Figure 3
Figure 3
ALE meta-analytic results showing convergent brain clusters as a result of contrast between MVI condition with active hand movement without mirror visual feedback (30 foci). Note: The MVI tasks involved movements of the left hand (right–left flipped coordinates for right hand movements). Labels: CB-PL, cerebellum-posterior lobe; STG, superior temporal gyrus; FG, fusiform gyrus; MOG, middle occipital gyrus.

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