Immediate memory consequences of the effect of emotion on attention to pictures

Deborah Talmi, Adam K Anderson, Lily Riggs, Jeremy B Caplan, Morris Moscovitch, Deborah Talmi, Adam K Anderson, Lily Riggs, Jeremy B Caplan, Morris Moscovitch

Abstract

Emotionally arousing stimuli are at once both highly attention grabbing and memorable. We examined whether emotional enhancement of memory (EEM) reflects an indirect effect of emotion on memory, mediated by enhanced attention to emotional items during encoding. We tested a critical prediction of the mediation hypothesis-that regions conjointly activated by emotion and attention would correlate with subsequent EEM. Participants were scanned with fMRI while they watched emotional or neutral pictures under instructions to attend to them a lot or a little, and were then given an immediate recognition test. A region in the left fusiform gyrus was activated by emotion, voluntary attention, and subsequent EEM. A functional network, different for each attention condition, connected this region and the amygdala, which was associated with emotion and EEM, but not with voluntary attention. These findings support an indirect cortical mediation account of immediate EEM that may complement a direct modulation model.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Behavioral results. Corrected recognition (hits-FA, in percent, collapsed across confidence ratings) as a function of emotion and attention. Recognition was greater for emotional relative to neutral pictures, a difference larger in the low-attention condition. Error bars represent SE.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Regions associated with attention. Regions associated with attending neutral pictures (yellow), scrambled pictures (pink), and the spatial overlap between these contrasts (green). (A) Y = −64; the arrowheads point to the intraparietal sulcus. (B) Z = 49; the arrowheads point to the frontal eye field. (C) Z = −10.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Spatial overlap of attention and emotion. The overlap (pink) of emotion (red) and content-independent attention (green), and the overlap (purple) of emotion and content-dependent attention (yellow). (A) Y = −79; the arrowhead points to the intraparietal sulcus. (B) X = −47.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Regions associated with EEM (emotional Dm > neutral Dm). (A) Z = −23. (B) Z = −13. (C) Spatial dissociation in the left amygdala’s association with emotion and EEM, Y = −5. Dorsal amygdala correlated with emotion (red), while ventral amygdala correlated with EEM. These locations correspond to the central nucleus and the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala, respectively.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Spatial overlap of emotion, content-dependent attention, and EEM. (A) Activations associated with attention (yellow), with emotion (red), with the overlap of attention and emotion (purple), and with the overlap of EEM with either emotion or attention (dark blue). The arrowhead points to the spatial overlap of emotion, content-dependent attention, and EEM (light blue). X = −44. (B) Additive effects of emotion and attention as a function of picture type in the cluster activated by emotion, attention, and EEM. Error bars represent SE.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Pearson R correlations of brain scores and seed values as a function of task condition in the first (top) and second (bottom) LV in the PLS analysis. Error bars represent 95% confidence interval based on a permutations test.

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