National screening programs for cervical cancer in Asian countries

Eiko Saitoh Aoki, Rutie Yin, Kemin Li, Neerja Bhatla, Seema Singhal, Dwiana Ocviyanti, Kumiko Saika, Mina Suh, Miseon Kim, Wichai Termrungruanglert, Eiko Saitoh Aoki, Rutie Yin, Kemin Li, Neerja Bhatla, Seema Singhal, Dwiana Ocviyanti, Kumiko Saika, Mina Suh, Miseon Kim, Wichai Termrungruanglert

Abstract

Cervical cancer is still one of the most common female cancers in Asia and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in low- and middle-income countries. Nowadays, national screening programs for cervical cancer are widely provided in Asian countries. We reviewed the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) in China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, and Thailand. The NCSP were established at varying times, from 1962 in Japan to 2014 in Indonesia. The primary screening method is based on cytology in all countries except for India and Indonesia. In India and Indonesia, visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) is mainly used as a primary screening method, and a "see and treat" strategy is applied to women with a positive VIA result. The starting age of NCSP ranges from 18 years in China to 30 years in Thailand. The screening interval is 2 years in all countries except for China and Indonesia, in which it is 3 years. Uptake rates of NCSP vary from 5.0%-59.7%. Many women in low- and middle-income countries still do not participate in NCSP. To improve uptake rates and thereby prevent more cases of cervical cancer, Asian countries should continue to promote NCSP to the public using various approaches.

Keywords: Asia; Cancer Screening; Cervical Cancer; National Health Programs.

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Copyright © 2020. Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology, Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology.

References

    1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:394–424.
    1. Arbyn M, Raifu AO, Weiderpass E, Bray F, Anttila A. Trends of cervical cancer mortality in the member states of the European Union. Eur J Cancer. 2009;45:2640–2648.
    1. Jemal A, Ward E, Thun M. Declining death rates reflect progress against cancer. PLoS One. 2010;5:e9584.
    1. Wingo PA, Cardinez CJ, Landis SH, Greenlee RT, Ries LA, Anderson RN, et al. Long-term trends in cancer mortality in the United States, 1930-1998. Cancer. 2003;97:3133–3275.
    1. Huh WK, Ault KA, Chelmow D, Davey DD, Goulart RA, Garcia FA, et al. Use of primary high-risk human papillomavirus testing for cervical cancer screening: interim clinical guidance. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;125:330–337.
    1. Huh WK, Ault KA, Chelmow D, Davey DD, Goulart RA, Garcia FA, et al. Use of primary high-risk human papillomavirus testing for cervical cancer screening: interim clinical guidance. Gynecol Oncol. 2015;136:178–182.
    1. Ronco G, Dillner J, Elfström KM, Tunesi S, Snijders PJ, Arbyn M, et al. Efficacy of HPV-based screening for prevention of invasive cervical cancer: follow-up of four European randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2014;383:524–532.
    1. Qiao L, Li B, Long M, Wang X, Wang A, Zhang G. Accuracy of visual inspection with acetic acid and with Lugol's iodine for cervical cancer screening: meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2015;41:1313–1325.
    1. Sankaranarayanan R, Esmy PO, Rajkumar R, Muwonge R, Swaminathan R, Shanthakumari S, et al. Effect of visual screening on cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Tamil Nadu, India: a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2007;370:398–406.
    1. Sauvaget C, Fayette JM, Muwonge R, Wesley R, Sankaranarayanan R. Accuracy of visual inspection with acetic acid for cervical cancer screening. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011;113:14–24.
    1. ICO/IARC Information Centre (ES) Human papillomavirus and related cancers, fact sheet 2018: China [Internet] Barcelona: ICO/IARC HPV Information Centre; 2019. [cited 2020 Jan 30]. Available from: .
    1. Wang B, He M, Chao A, Engelgau MM, Saraiya M, Wang L, et al. Cervical cancer screening among adult women in China, 2010. Oncologist. 2015;20:627–634.
    1. Practice bulletin No. 168 summary: cervical cancer screening and prevention. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128:923–925.
    1. International Agency for Research on Cancer; World Health Organization. The Global Cancer Observatory, India [Internet] Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2019. [cited 2020 Jan 30]. Available from: .
    1. Mittra I, Mishra GA, Singh S, Aranke S, Notani P, Badwe R, et al. A cluster randomized, controlled trial of breast and cervix cancer screening in Mumbai, India: methodology and interim results after three rounds of screening. Int J Cancer. 2010;126:976–984.
    1. Sankaranarayanan R, Nene BM, Dinshaw KA, Mahe C, Jayant K, Shastri SS, et al. A cluster randomized controlled trial of visual, cytology and human papillomavirus screening for cancer of the cervix in rural India. Int J Cancer. 2005;116:617–623.
    1. Krishnan S, Madsen E, Porterfield D, Varghese B. Advancing cervical cancer prevention in India: implementation science priorities. Oncologist. 2013;18:1285–1297.
    1. International Institute for Population Sciences (IN) National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015-16: India [Internet] Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences; 2017. [cited 2020 Feb 12]. Available from: .
    1. Pruthi R. Health Ministry ties-up with Dell, Tata Trusts to provide technology solution For NSD Programme [Internet] Noida: India Against Cancer; 2018. [cited 2020 Jan 30]. Available from:
    1. FOGSI Gynaecologic Oncology Committee (IN) FOGSI GCPR. Screening and treatment of preinvasive lesions of cervix and HPV vaccination [Internet] Mumbai: FOGSI Gynaecologic Oncology Committee; 2018. [cited 2020 Jan 30]. Available form: .
    1. ICO/IARC Information Centre (ES) Human papillomavirus and related diseases in Indonesia. Summary report 17 June 2019. Barcelona: ICO/IARC HPV Information Centre; 2019. [cited 2020 Jan 30]. Available from: .
    1. Kim YM, Lambe FM, Soetikno D, Wysong M, Tergas AI, Rajbhandari P, et al. Evaluation of a 5-year cervical cancer prevention project in Indonesia: opportunities, issues, and challenges. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2013;39:1190–1199.
    1. National Cancer Management Committee. Guideline for management of cervical cancer. Jakarta: Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia; 2019.
    1. Regulation by Minister of Health (ID) Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 56 of 2017. Jakarta: Regulation by Minister of Health; 2017. p. 41.
    1. Do not worry BPJS ensuring cervical cancer Detection before the Attack [Internet] Jakarta: BPJS Kesehatan; [cited 2020 Jan 30]. Available from: .
    1. Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia (ID) Data dan informasi profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2018 [Internet] South Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2019. [cited 2020 Jan 30]. Available from: .
    1. Anwar SL, Tampubolon G, Van Hemelrijck M, Hutajulu SH, Watkins J, Wulaningsih W, et al. Determinants of cancer screening awareness and participation among Indonesian women. BMC Cancer. 2018;18:208.
    1. Utada M, Chernyavskiy P, Lee WJ, Franceschi S, Sauvaget C, de Gonzalez AB, et al. Increasing risk of uterine cervical cancer among young Japanese women: Comparison of incidence trends in Japan, South Korea and Japanese-Americans between 1985 and 2012. Int J Cancer. 2019;144:2144–2152.
    1. Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center (JP) Cancer Information Service [Internet] Tokyo: Center for Cancer Control and Information Services; [cited 2020 Jan 30]. Available from: .
    1. Lim MC, Won YJ, Ko MJ, Kim M, Shim SH, Suh DH, et al. Incidence of cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer in Korea during 1999–2015. J Gynecol Oncol. 2019;30:e38.
    1. Jung KW, Won YJ, Kong HJ, Lee ES Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries. Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2015. Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50:303–316.
    1. Kim Y, Jun JK, Choi KS, Lee HY, Park EC. Overview of the National Cancer screening programme and the cancer screening status in Korea. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12:725–730.
    1. Suh M, Song S, Cho HN, Park B, Jun JK, Choi E, et al. Trends in participation rates for the National Cancer Screening Program in Korea, 2002–2012. Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49:798–806.
    1. ICO/IARC Information Centre (ES) Human papillomavirus and related cancers, fact sheet 2018: Thailand [Internet] Barcelona: ICO/IARC HPV Information Centre; 2019. [cited 2020 Jan 30]. Available from: .
    1. Sriamporn S, Khuhaprema T, Parkin M. Cervical cancer screening in Thailand: an overview. J Med Screen. 2006;13 Suppl 1:S39–43.
    1. Imsamran W. Cancer in Thailand Vol. VIII, 2010–2012. Bangkok: National Cancer Institute of Thailand; 2015.
    1. Mukem S, Meng Q, Sriplung H, Tangcharoensathien V. Low coverage and disparities of breast and cervical cancer screening in Thai women: analysis of national representative household surveys. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16:8541–8551.
    1. Termrungruanglert W, Khemapech N, Tantitamit T, Sangrajrang S, Havanond P, Laowahutanont P. Cost-effectiveness analysis study of HPV testing as a primary cervical cancer screening in Thailand. Gynecol Oncol Rep. 2017;22:58–63.
    1. Phoolcharoen N, Kantathavorn N, Krisorakun W, Taepisitpong C, Krongthong W, Saeloo S. Acceptability of self-sample human papillomavirus testing among Thai women visiting a colposcopy clinic. J Community Health. 2018;43:611–615.
    1. Termrungruanglert W, Khemapech N, Tantitamit T, Havanond P. Cost effectiveness analysis of HPV primary screening and dual stain cytology triage compared with cervical cytology. J Gynecol Oncol. 2019;30:e17.
    1. Saslow D, Solomon D, Lawson HW, Killackey M, Kulasingam SL, Cain J, et al. American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012;62:147–172.
    1. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (NL) Cervical cancer screening programme [Internet] Bilthoven: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment; 2019. [cited 2019 Aug 26]. Available from: .
    1. Department of Health (AU) National Cervical Screening Program [Internet] Canberra: Department of Health; 2017. [cited 2019 Aug 26]. Available from: .

Source: PubMed

Спонсоры и соавторы

Заболевания

Медикаментозные вмешательства

Подписаться