Even a Previous Light-Active Physical Activity at Work Still Reduces Late Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Retired Adults Aged>65 Years by 32%: The PROOF Cohort Study

David Hupin, Jérémy Raffin, Nathalie Barth, Mathieu Berger, Martin Garet, Kevin Stampone, Sébastien Celle, Vincent Pichot, Bienvenu Bongue, Jean-Claude Barthelemy, Frédéric Roche, David Hupin, Jérémy Raffin, Nathalie Barth, Mathieu Berger, Martin Garet, Kevin Stampone, Sébastien Celle, Vincent Pichot, Bienvenu Bongue, Jean-Claude Barthelemy, Frédéric Roche

Abstract

Background: Work may contribute significantly to daily physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). Physical inactivity and SB at work might be two major risk factors for premature morbidity. Therefore, the aim of this research was to describe self-reported past PA and SB at work and during leisure time within the PROOF cohort subjects, and to determine consequences of PA and SB on late health of these now retired workers. Material and Methods: The PROOF cohort study was used to prospectively allow assessment of the predictive value of PA and SB at work and during leisure time among a healthy retired French population, with regard to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. PA (MET-h/week) and SB (h/d) were assessed using the Population Physical Activity Questionnaire (POPAQ) and the modified Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Odds ratios (ORs with 95% CIs) for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were associated with each level of PA at work: light (<3 METs), moderate (3-5.9 METs), vigorous (≥6 METs) and were compared to SB at work. Results: Out of the 1011 65-year-old subjects initially included, the 15-year follow-up has been currently completed for 688 (68%) subjects; 89 deaths (all-cause mortality, 9%) and 91 fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (9%), were reported. An active work (light, moderate, or vigorous intensity) was associated with a 21% reduced risk of cardiovascular (myocardial infarction) and cerebrovascular events (stroke) (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.32-0.91, p < 0.02) compared to sedentary work. This relationship was already significant for light intensity work (32%; i.e., OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.31-0.87, p < 0.02). Conclusion: There is strong causal evidence linking PA and SB at work with late cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. All in all, the risk for onset of myocardial infarction and stroke was lower among those who had a previous active work compared to those with previous sedentary work. Even previous light active work produced substantial health benefits. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT00759304.

Keywords: cardiovascular event; cerebrovascular event; global physical activity questionnaire; health; physical activity; prevention; sedentary behavior; work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PROOF cohort study flowchart. Deaths presented as cumulative mortality from beginning of the follow-up of the cohort. Study stop represents those who did not wish to continue the study. They did not contribute information on examination program at that survey but they could return at later survey if they had changed idea. POPAQ: Population Physical Activity Questionnaire. GPAQ: Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Leisure time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MET-min/week) from 15 to 80 years of age according to activity or not at work. MET: Metabolic Equivalent of Task.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Sedentary behavior (h/d) from 15 to 80 years of age according to activity or not at work. MET: Metabolic Equivalent of Task.

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