Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research

Abstract

Purposeful sampling is widely used in qualitative research for the identification and selection of information-rich cases related to the phenomenon of interest. Although there are several different purposeful sampling strategies, criterion sampling appears to be used most commonly in implementation research. However, combining sampling strategies may be more appropriate to the aims of implementation research and more consistent with recent developments in quantitative methods. This paper reviews the principles and practice of purposeful sampling in implementation research, summarizes types and categories of purposeful sampling strategies and provides a set of recommendations for use of single strategy or multistage strategy designs, particularly for state implementation research.

Figures

Figure 1

Purposeful and Random Sampling Strategies for Mixed Method Implementation Studies Legend:

1. (1)

   Priority and sequencing of Qualitative (QUAL) and Quantitative (QUAN) can be reversed.

2. (2)

   Refers to emphasis of sampling strategy.

3. (3)

   Refers to sequential structure; refers to simultaneous structure.

Figure 2

Multistage Purposeful Sampling Strategies