Systematic review for orthodontic and orthopedic treatments for anterior open bite in the mixed dentition

Lucia Pisani, Laura Bonaccorso, Rosamaria Fastuca, Raffaele Spena, Luca Lombardo, Alberto Caprioglio, Lucia Pisani, Laura Bonaccorso, Rosamaria Fastuca, Raffaele Spena, Luca Lombardo, Alberto Caprioglio

Abstract

Background: The treatment options for the early treatment of anterior open bite are still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the actual available evidence on treatments of anterior open bite in the mixed dentition in order to assess the effectiveness of the early treatment in reducing open bite, the most efficacious treatment strategy and the stability of the results.

Materials and methods: A literature survey was done on November 15, 2015, by means of appropriate Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, LILACS, VHL, and WEB OF SCIENCE. Randomized clinical trials and studies with a control group (treated or untreated) were then selected by two authors. Trials including patients with syndromes or in the permanent dentition and studies concerning treatment with extractions, full-fixed appliances, or surgery were not considered. Full articles were retrieved for abstracts or titles that met the initial inclusion criteria or lacked sufficient detail for immediate exclusion.

Results: Two thousand five hundred sixty-nine studies about open bite were available; the search strategy selected 240 of them. Twenty-four articles have been judged suitably for the final review, and their relevant data were analyzed.

Discussion: Although this review confirms the effectiveness of early treatment of open bite, particularly when no-compliance strategies are employed, meta-analysis was unfeasible due to lack of standardization, important methodological limitations, and shortcomings of the studies.

Conclusions: A more robust approach to trial design in terms of methodology and error analysis is needed. Besides, more studies with longer periods of follow-up are required.

Keywords: Early treatment; Open bite; Quality analysis; Systematic review.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of the selection of the studies

References

    1. Subtelny JD, Sakuda M. Open-bite: diagnosis and treatment. Am J Orthod. 1964;50:337–58. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(64)90175-7.
    1. Richardson A. Skeletal factors in anterior open-bite and deep overbite. Am J Orthod. 1969;56:114–27. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(69)90228-0.
    1. Cangialosi TJ. Skeletal morphologic features of anterior open bite. Am J Orthod. 1984;85:28–36. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(84)90120-9.
    1. Grippaudo C, Oliva B, Greco AL, Sferra S, Deli R. Relationship between vertical facial patterns and dental arch form in class II malocclusion. Prog Orthod. 2013;14:43. doi: 10.1186/2196-1042-14-43.
    1. Zecca PA, Fastuca R, Beretta M, Caprioglio A, Macchi A. Correlation assessment between three-dimensional facial soft tissue scan and lateral cephalometric radiography in orthodontic diagnosis. Int J Dent. 2016;2016:1473918. doi: 10.1155/2016/1473918.
    1. Ngan P, Fields HW. Open bite: a review of etiology and management. Pediatr Dent. 1997;19:91–8.
    1. Farronato G, Giannini L, Galbiati G, Stabilini SA, Maspero C. Orthodontic-surgical treatment: neuromuscular evaluation in open and deep skeletal bite patients. Prog Orthod. 2013;14:41. doi: 10.1186/2196-1042-14-41.
    1. Fastuca R, Zecca PA, Caprioglio A. Role of mandibular displacement and airway size in improving breathing after rapid maxillary expansion. Prog Orthod. 2014;15:40. doi: 10.1186/s40510-014-0040-2.
    1. Agarwal SS, Nehra K, Sharma M, Jayan B, Poonia A, Bhattal H. Association between breastfeeding duration, non-nutritive sucking habits and dental arch dimensions in deciduous dentition: a cross-sectional study. Prog Orthod. 2014;15:59. doi: 10.1186/s40510-014-0059-4.
    1. Lopes-Freire GM, Cárdenas ABC, Suarez dev Deza JEE, Ustrell-Torrent JM, Oliveira LB, Boj Quesada JR., Jr Exploring the association between feeding habits, non-nutritive sucking habits, and malocclusions in the deciduous dentition. Prog Orthod. 2015;16:43. doi: 10.1186/s40510-015-0113-x.
    1. Rossi RC, Rossi NJ, Rossi NJC, Yamashita HK, Pignatari SSN. Dentofacial characteristics of oral breathers in different ages: a retrospective case–control study. Prog Orthod. 2015;16:23. doi: 10.1186/s40510-015-0092-y.
    1. Majorana A, Bardellini E, Amadori F, Conti G, Polimeni A. Timetable for oral prevention in childhood—developing dentition and oral habits: a current opinion. Prog Orthod. 2015;16:39. doi: 10.1186/s40510-015-0107-8.
    1. Nespoli L, Caprioglio A, Brunetti L, Nosetti L. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in childhood. Early Hum Dev. 2013;89:S33–7. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.020.
    1. Sankey WL, Buschang PH, English J, Owen AH. Early treatment of vertical skeletal dysplasia: the hyperdivergent phenotype. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:317–27. doi: 10.1067/mod.2000.106068.
    1. English JD. Early treatment of skeletal open bite malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;121:563–5. doi: 10.1067/mod.2002.124166.
    1. Işcan HN, Dinçer M, Gültan A, Meral O, Taner-Sarisoy L. Effects of vertical chincap therapy on the mandibular morphology in open-bite patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122:506–11. doi: 10.1067/mod.2002.128643.
    1. Kiliaridis S, Egermark I, Thilander B. Anterior open bite treatment with magnets. Eur J Orthod. 1990;12:447–57. doi: 10.1093/ejo/12.4.447.
    1. Kuster R, Ingervall B. The effect treatment of skeletal open bite with two types of bite block. Eur J Orthod. 1992;14:489–99. doi: 10.1093/ejo/14.6.489.
    1. Işcan HN, Akkaya S, Elcin K. The effect of spring-loaded posterior bite block on the maxillo-facial morphology. Eur J Orthod. 1992;14:54–60. doi: 10.1093/ejo/14.1.54.
    1. Işcan HN, Sarisoy L. Comparison of the effects of passive posterior bite-blocks with different construction bites on the craniofacial and dentoalveolar structures. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997;112:171–8. doi: 10.1016/S0889-5406(97)70243-9.
    1. Bazzucchi A, Hans MG, Nelson S, Powers M, Parker S. Evidence of correction of open bite malocclusion using active vertical corrector treatment. Semin Orthod. 1999;5:110–20. doi: 10.1016/S1073-8746(99)80030-9.
    1. Cinsar A, Alagha AR, Akyalcin S. Skeletal open bite correction with rapid molar intruder appliance in growing individuals. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:632–9. doi: 10.2319/071406-292.
    1. Doshi UH, Bhad WA. Spring-loaded bite-blocks for early correction of skeletal open bite associated with thumb sucking. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:115–20. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.08.033.
    1. Albogha MH, Takahashi I, Sawan MN. Early treatment of anterior open bite: comparison of the vertical and horizontal morphological changes induced by magnetic bite-blocks and adjusted rapid molar intruders. Korean J Orthod. 2015;45:38–46. doi: 10.4041/kjod.2015.45.1.38.
    1. Ingervall B, Bitsanis E. A pilot study of the effect of masticatory muscle training on facial growth in long-face children. Eur J Orthod. 1987;9:15–23. doi: 10.1093/ejo/9.1.15.
    1. Fränkel R, Fränkel C. Functional aspects of molar extraction in skeletal open bite. In: Graber LW, Graber TM, editors. Orthodontics: State of the Art: Essence of the Science. Mosby: St Louis; 1986. pp. 184–99.
    1. Pedrin F, Almeida MR, Almeida RR, Almeida-Pedrin RR, Torres F. A prospective study of the treatment effects of a removable appliance with palatal crib combined with high-pull chincup therapy in anterior open-bite patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:418–23. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.04.035.
    1. Torres F, Almeida RR, de Almeida MR, Almeida-Pedrin RR, Pedrin F, Henriques JF. Anterior open bite treated with a palatal crib and high-pull chin cup therapy. A prospective randomized study. Eur J Orthod. 2006;28:610–7. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjl053.
    1. Cozza P, Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara JA., Jr Treatment effects of a modified quad-helix in patients with dentoskeletal open bites. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:734–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.02.004.
    1. Cozza P, Mucedero M, Baccetti T, Franchi L. Treatment and posttreatment effects of quad-helix/crib therapy of dentoskeletal open bite. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:640–5. doi: 10.2319/062106-252.
    1. Cozza P, Baccetti T, Franchi L, Mucedero M. Comparison of 2 early treatment protocols for open-bite malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;132:743–7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.11.045.
    1. Giuntini V, Franchi L, Baccetti T, Mucedero M, Cozza P. Dentoskeletal changes associated with fixed and removable appliances with a crib in open-bite patients in the mixed dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:77–80. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.07.012.
    1. Torres FC, Almeida RR, Almeida-Pedrin RR, Pedrin F, Paranhos LR. Dentoalveolar comparative study between removable and fixed cribs, associated to chincup, in anterior open bite treatment. J Appl Oral Sci. 2012;20:531–7. doi: 10.1590/S1678-77572012000500007.
    1. Cassis MA, de Almeida RR, Janson G, de Almeida-Pedrin RR, de Almeida MR. Treatment effects of bonded spurs associated with high-pull chincup therapy in the treatment of patients with anterior open bite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142:487–93. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.04.022.
    1. Mucedero M, Franchi L, Giuntini V, Vangelisti A, Mc Namara JA, Jr, Cozza P. Stability of quad-helix/crib therapy in dentoskeletal open bite: a long-term controlled study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;143:695–703. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.01.010.
    1. Fränkel R, Fränkel C. A functional approach to treatment of skeletal open bite. Am J Orthod. 1983;84:54–68. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(83)90148-3.
    1. Haydar B, Enacar A. Functional regulator therapy in treatment of skeletal open-bite. J Nihon Univ Sch Dent. 1992;34:278–87. doi: 10.2334/josnusd1959.34.278.
    1. Ngan P, Wilson S, Florman M, Wei S. Treatment of class II open bite in the mixed dentition with a removable functional appliance headgear. Quintessence Int. 1992;23:323–33.
    1. Weinbach JR, Smith RJ. Cephalometric changes during treatment with the open bite Bionator. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992;101:367–74. doi: 10.1016/S0889-5406(05)80330-0.
    1. Erbay E, Ugur T, Ulgen M. The effects of Fränkel’s function regulator (FR-4) therapy on the treatment of angle class I skeletal anterior open bite malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995;108:9–21. doi: 10.1016/S0889-5406(95)70061-7.
    1. Defraia E, Marinelli A, Baroni G, Franchi L, Baccetti T. Early orthodontic treatment of skeletal open-bite malocclusion with the open-bite bionator: a cephalometric study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;132:595–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.12.035.
    1. Feres MF, Abreu LG, Insabralde NM, Almeida MR, Flores-Mir C. Effectiveness of the open bitetreatment in growing children and adolescents. A systematic review. Eur J Orthod. 2015. [Epub ahead of print].
    1. Lentini-Oliveira DA, Carvalho FR, Rodrigues CG, Ye Q, Hu R, Minami-Sugaya H, Carvalho LBF, et al. Orthodontic and orthopaedic treatment for anterior open bite in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;9:CD005515.
    1. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(6):e1000097. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097.
    1. National Health Service (NHS) Centre for Reviews and Dissemination Report number 4. Undertaking systematic reviews of research on effectiveness. 2nd ed. University of York: York Publishing Services; 2001. Available at: . 2004.
    1. Antczak AA, Tang J, Chalmers TC. Quality assessment of randomized control trials in dental research I. Methods. J Periodontal Res. 1986;21:305–14. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01464.x.
    1. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJ, Gavaghan DJ, McQuay HJ. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials. 1996;17:1–12. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(95)00134-4.
    1. Petrén S, Bondemark L, Söderfeldt BB. A systematic review concerning early orthodontic treatment of unilateral posterior crossbite. Angle Orthod. 2003;73:588–96.
    1. Kiriakou J, Pandis N, Madianos P, Polychronopoulou A. Developing evidence-based dentistry skills: how to interpret randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews. Prog Orthod. 2014;15:58. doi: 10.1186/s40510-014-0058-5.
    1. Riolo ML, Moyers RE, McNamara JA, Jr, Hunter WS. An atlas of craniofacial growth: cephalometric standards from The University School Growth Study, The University of Michigan. craniofacial growth series. Ann Arbor: Center for Human Growth and Development, The University of Michigan; 1974.

Source: PubMed

Спонсоры и соавторы

Заболевания

Медикаментозные вмешательства

Подписаться