The effect of a multi-component camp-based weight-loss program on children's motor skills and physical fitness: a randomized controlled trial

Kristian Traberg Larsen, Tao Huang, Lisbeth Runge Larsen, Line Grønholt Olesen, Lars Bo Andersen, Niels Christian Møller, Kristian Traberg Larsen, Tao Huang, Lisbeth Runge Larsen, Line Grønholt Olesen, Lars Bo Andersen, Niels Christian Møller

Abstract

Background: Many weight-loss programs in children are performed without specific foci on training both physical fitness and motor skills. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of a one-year weight-loss program on children's motor skills and physical fitness.

Methods: Participants included 115 overweight fifth-grade children (12.0 years) randomized into either a Day-Camp Intervention Arm (DCIA), with a subsequent family-based support program or a low-intense Standard Intervention Arm (SIA). Physical fitness was assessed by vertical jump, hand grip strength, and a progressive cardio-respiratory fitness test. Motor skills were assessed by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - second edition (M-ABC-2), age band 3.

Results: Loss to follow-up after 52 weeks was 19 % and 32 % in the DCIA and SIA, respectively. Balance skills were improved post-camp, but not after 52 weeks in children from the DCIA compared to the SIA. Contrary to the expected, children from the SIA improved aiming and catching skills relative to the DCIA children. Overall z-scores of the physical fitness components and cardio-respiratory fitness improved more in children from the DCIA compared to children from the SIA.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the day-camp intervention led to improvements in physical fitness but not in motor skills compared to the standard intervention. Including both motor skills and physical fitness could advantageously be considered in future immersive intervention programmes.

Trial registration: Clinicaltrials NCT01574352, March 26, 2012 (retrospectively registered).

Keywords: Children; Motor skills; Multi-component intervention; Obesity; Overweight; Physical fitness; RCT; Weight loss.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow of participants

References

    1. Baker JL, Olsen LW, Sorensen TI. Childhood body-mass index and the risk of coronary heart disease in adulthood. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(23):2329–2337. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa072515.
    1. Franks PW, Hanson RL, Knowler WC, Sievers ML, Bennett PH, Looker HC. Childhood obesity, other cardiovascular risk factors, and premature death. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(6):485–493. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0904130.
    1. Oude Luttikhuis H, Baur L, Jansen H, Shrewsbury VA, O'Malley C, Stolk RP, Summerbell CD: Interventions for treating obesity in children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2009(1):Cd001872.
    1. Kelly KP, Kirschenbaum DS. Immersion treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity: the first review of a promising intervention. Obes Rev. 2011;12(1):37–49. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00710.x.
    1. Lubans DR, Morgan PJ, Cliff DP, Barnett LM, Okely AD. Fundamental movement skills in children and adolescents: review of associated health benefits. Sports Med. 2010;40(12):1019–1035. doi: 10.2165/11536850-000000000-00000.
    1. Gallahue DL, Ozmun JC, Goodway J: Understanding Motor Development: Infants, Children, Adolescents, Adults: McGraw-Hill; 2012
    1. Kalaja S, Jaakkola T, Liukkonen J, Watt A. Fundamental movement skills and motivational factors influencing engagement in physical activity. Percept Mot Skills. 2010;111(1):115–128. doi: 10.2466/06.10.25.PMS.111.4.115-128.
    1. Hendrix CG, Prins MR, Dekkers H. Developmental coordination disorder and overweight and obesity in children: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2014;15(5):408–423. doi: 10.1111/obr.12137.
    1. Barnett LM, van Beurden E, Morgan PJ, Brooks LO, Beard JR. Childhood motor skill proficiency as a predictor of adolescent physical activity. J Adolesc Health. 2009;44(3):252–259. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.07.004.
    1. Lopes VP, Rodrigues LP, Maia JA, Malina RM. Motor coordination as predictor of physical activity in childhood. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011;21(5):663–669. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01027.x.
    1. Stodden DF, Goodway JD, Langendorfer SJ, Roberton MA, Rudisill ME, Garcia C, Garcia LE. A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: an emergent relationship. Quest. 2008;60(2):290–306. doi: 10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582.
    1. Morano M, Colella D, Rutigliano I, Fiore P, Pettoello-Mantovani M, Campanozzi A. A multi-modal training programme to improve physical activity, physical fitness and perceived physical ability in obese children. J Sports Sci. 2014;32(4):345–353. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2013.824602.
    1. D'Hondt E, Gentier I, Deforche B, Tanghe A, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Lenoir M. Weight loss and improved gross motor coordination in children as a result of multidisciplinary residential obesity treatment. Obesity. 2011;19(10):1999–2005. doi: 10.1038/oby.2011.150.
    1. Larsen KT, Huang T, Moller NC, Andersen LB, Ried-Larsen M. Effectiveness of a one-year multi-component day-camp intervention for overweight children: study protocol of the Odense overweight intervention study (OOIS) BMC Public Health. 2014;14:313. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-313.
    1. Astrup AV, Andersen NL, Stender S, Trolle E. [Dietary Recommendations 2005] Ugeskr Laeger. 2005;167(21):2296–2299.
    1. Malina RM, Bouchard C, Bar-Or O: Growth, Maturation, and Physical Activity: Human Kinetics; 2004
    1. Lee K, Valeria B, Kochman C, Lenders CM. Self-assessment of height, weight, and sexual maturation: validity in overweight children and adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2006;39(3):346–352. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.12.016.
    1. Klasson-Heggebo L, Andersen LB, Wennlof AH, Sardinha LB, Harro M, Froberg K, Anderssen SA. Graded associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness, and blood pressure in children and adolescents. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40(1):25–29. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2004.016113.
    1. Henderson SE, Sugden DA, Barnett AL. Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 second edition (Movement ABC-2) London, UK: The Psychological Corporation; 2007.
    1. Wuang YP, Su JH, Su CY. Reliability and responsiveness of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition Test in children with developmental coordination disorder. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2012;54(2):160–165. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04177.x.
    1. Valentini NC, Ramalho MH, Oliveira MA. Movement assessment battery for children-2: translation, reliability, and validity for Brazilian children. Res Dev Disabil. 2014;35(3):733–740. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.10.028.
    1. Milliken LA, Faigenbaum AD, Loud RL, Westcott WL. Correlates of upper and lower body muscular strength in children. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22(4):1339–1346. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31817393b1.
    1. Castro-Pinero J, Artero EG, Espana-Romero V, Ortega FB, Sjostrom M, Suni J, Ruiz JR. Criterion-related validity of field-based fitness tests in youth: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2010;44(13):934–943. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.058321.
    1. Shephard RJ, Allen C, Bar-Or O, Davies CT, Degre S, Hedman R, Ishii K, Kaneko M, LaCour JR, Di Prampero PE, et al. The working capacity of Toronto schoolchildren. I. Can Med Assoc J. 1969;100(12):560–566.
    1. Jensen K, Jørgensen S, Johansen L. A metabolic cart for measurement of oxygen uptake during human exercise using inspiratory flow rate. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002;87(3):202–206. doi: 10.1007/s00421-002-0616-2.
    1. Boreham C, Savage J, Primrose D, Cran G, Strain J. Coronary risk factors in schoolchildren. Arch Dis Child. 1993;68(2):182–186. doi: 10.1136/adc.68.2.182.
    1. International Standard Classification of Occupations In., vol. 1: International Labour Organization; 2012: 422.
    1. Baraldi AN, Enders CK. An introduction to modern missing data analyses. J Sch Psychol. 2010;48(1):5–37. doi: 10.1016/j.jsp.2009.10.001.
    1. Barnett LM, van Beurden E, Morgan PJ, Brooks LO, Zask A, Beard JR. Six year follow-up of students who participated in a school-based physical activity intervention: a longitudinal cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2009;6:48. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-6-48.
    1. Logan SW, Robinson LE, Wilson AE, Lucas WA. Getting the fundamentals of movement: a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of motor skill interventions in children. Child Care Health Dev. 2012;38(3):305–315. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01307.x.
    1. Gately PJ, Cooke CB, Barth JH, Bewick BM, Radley D, Hill AJ. Children’s residential weight-loss programs can work: a prospective cohort study of short-term outcomes for overweight and obese children. Pediatrics. 2005;116(1):73–77. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-0397.
    1. Huelsing J, Kanafani N, Mao J, White NH. Camp jump start: effects of a residential summer weight-loss camp for older children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2010;125(4):e884–890. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-1007.
    1. Kirschenbaum D, Craig R, Kelly K, Germann J. Immersion programs for treating pediatric obesity: Follow-up evaluations of Wellspring Camps and Academy of the Sierras, a boarding school for overweight teenagers. Obes Manag. 2007;3:261–266. doi: 10.1089/obe.2007.0115.
    1. Meucci M, Cook C, Curry CD, Guidetti L, Baldari C, Collier SR. Effects of supervised exercise program on metabolic function in overweight adolescents. World J Pediatr. 2013;9(4):307–311. doi: 10.1007/s12519-013-0440-2.
    1. Cooper C, Sarvey S, Collier D, Willson C, Green I, Pories ML, Rose MA, Escott-Stump S, Pories W. For comparison: experience with a children's obesity camp. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2006;2(6):622–626. doi: 10.1016/j.soard.2006.07.010.
    1. Deforche B, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Debode P, Vinaimont F, Hills AP, Verstraete S, Bouckaert J. Changes in fat mass, fat-free mass and aerobic fitness in severely obese children and adolescents following a residential treatment programme. Eur J Pediatr. 2003;162(9):616–622. doi: 10.1007/s00431-003-1247-2.
    1. Zhu YC, Cairney J, Li YC, Chen WY, Chen FC, Wu SK. High risk for obesity in children with a subtype of developmental coordination disorder. Res Dev Disabil. 2014;35(7):1727–1733. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.02.020.

Source: PubMed

Спонсоры и соавторы

Заболевания

Медикаментозные вмешательства

Подписаться