The cholesterol-lowering effect of unripe Rubus coreanus is associated with decreased oxidized LDL and apolipoprotein B levels in subjects with borderline-high cholesterol levels: a randomized controlled trial

Jung Min Cho, Jisuk Chae, Sa Rang Jeong, Min Jung Moon, Ki-Chan Ha, Sunoh Kim, Jong Ho Lee, Jung Min Cho, Jisuk Chae, Sa Rang Jeong, Min Jung Moon, Ki-Chan Ha, Sunoh Kim, Jong Ho Lee

Abstract

Background: Rubus coreanus (R. coreanus) possesses properties that may decrease cholesterol levels.

Methods: The effects of unripe R. coreanus (uRC) consumption on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol levels related to decreased circulating apolipoprotein (Apo) B and oxidized LDL levels were evaluated. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included subjects with borderline-high cholesterol levels (between 200 and 239 mg/dL) who consumed one capsule daily containing 600 mg of freeze-dried uRC extract (n = 39) or the placebo (n = 38).

Results: After 12 weeks, the uRC group showed reductions of 21.23 ± 4.36 mg/dL in total cholesterol levels (P = 0.007) and 15.61 ± 4.16 mg/dL in LDL cholesterol levels (P = 0.032). In addition, significantly greater reductions in Apo B levels were observed in the uRC group (- 3.48 ± 3.40 mg/dL), but Apo B levels were increased in the placebo group (6.21 ± 2.84 mg/dL; P = 0.032). Furthermore, a remarkably lower oxidized LDL level was detected in the uRC group (57.76 ± 2.07 U/L) than in the placebo group (66.09 ± 3.47 U/L) after 12 weeks of consumption (P = 0.044).

Conclusions: Because of its cholesterol-lowering effect, uRC shows great promise as a therapeutic agent for subjects with borderline-high total blood cholesterol levels.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03649620 (8/28/2018, retrospectively registered).

Keywords: Apolipoprotein B; Cholesterol-lowering; Low-density lipoprotein; Oxidized LDL; Rubus coreanus; Rubus coreanus Miquel; Unripe Rubus coreanus.

Conflict of interest statement

The author declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram of participants
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Comparison of the change values of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels between the placebo (■) group and the uRC (□) group before and after supplementation of uRC. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 derived from independent t-test. A two-tailed P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Δ (delta, change) values were calculated as the difference from the baseline (0-week). Data are presented as means Mean ± SE

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