Protective Effect of Gymnema sylvestre Ethanol Extract on High Fat Diet-induced Obese Diabetic Wistar Rats

V Kumar, Uma Bhandari, C D Tripathi, Geetika Khanna, V Kumar, Uma Bhandari, C D Tripathi, Geetika Khanna

Abstract

Obesity is associated with numerous co-morbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and others. Therefore, the present study was planned to investigate the effect of water- soluble fraction of Gymnema sylvestre ethanol extract on biochemical and molecular alterations in obese diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by single i.v. injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) via tail vein. Obesity was induced by oral feeding of high fat diet for a period of 28 days in diabetic rats. Body weight gain, food intake, water intake, hemodynamic parameters (systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressures and heart rate), serum biochemical parameters (leptin, insulin, lipid levels, apolipoprotein B and glucose), cardiomyocyte apoptosis (cardiac caspase-3, Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity and DNA fragmentation) organs and visceral fat pad weight and oxidative stress parameters were measured. Oral treatment with water soluble fraction of Gymnema sylvestre ethanol extracts (120 mg/kg/p.o.) for a period of 21 days, resulted in significant reduction in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, serum leptin, insulin, apolipoprotein B, lipids, glucose, cardiac caspase-3 levels, Na(+)/K(+) ATPase activity and DNA laddering, visceral fat pad and organ's weight and improved the antioxidant enzymes levels in the high fat diet induced obesity in diabetic rats. The results of present study reveal that water soluble fraction of Gymnema sylvestre ethanol extract could be useful intervention in the treatment of obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Gymnema sylvestre; blood pressure; caspase-3; dyslipidemia; insulin; leptin.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Effect of water-soluble fraction of Gymnema sylvestre ethanol extract on DNA fragmentation. DNA fragmentation wasdetected by agarose gel electrophoresis in HFD-induced obesity in diabetic rats. Lane M = Marker, L1 = normal control group, L2 = toxic control group (STZ 45 mg/kg i.v. + HFD group), S3 = water soluble fraction of Gymnema sylvestre ethanol extract (120 mg/kg/p.o.) treated group.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Histological section of heart tissues. (a) Photomicrograph of heart of normal control group shows no fatty changes with normal tissue architecture and regular morphology of myocardial cell membrane. (b) Photomicrograph of heart of STZ + HFD group shows focal fatty infiltration in myocardial cells. (c) The heart of STZ +HFD + water-soluble fraction of GSE group shows no pathological changes with normal architecture of myocardium.

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