STARD 2015 guidelines for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies: explanation and elaboration

Jérémie F Cohen, Daniël A Korevaar, Douglas G Altman, David E Bruns, Constantine A Gatsonis, Lotty Hooft, Les Irwig, Deborah Levine, Johannes B Reitsma, Henrica C W de Vet, Patrick M M Bossuyt, Jérémie F Cohen, Daniël A Korevaar, Douglas G Altman, David E Bruns, Constantine A Gatsonis, Lotty Hooft, Les Irwig, Deborah Levine, Johannes B Reitsma, Henrica C W de Vet, Patrick M M Bossuyt

Abstract

Diagnostic accuracy studies are, like other clinical studies, at risk of bias due to shortcomings in design and conduct, and the results of a diagnostic accuracy study may not apply to other patient groups and settings. Readers of study reports need to be informed about study design and conduct, in sufficient detail to judge the trustworthiness and applicability of the study findings. The STARD statement (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) was developed to improve the completeness and transparency of reports of diagnostic accuracy studies. STARD contains a list of essential items that can be used as a checklist, by authors, reviewers and other readers, to ensure that a report of a diagnostic accuracy study contains the necessary information. STARD was recently updated. All updated STARD materials, including the checklist, are available at http://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/stard Here, we present the STARD 2015 explanation and elaboration document. Through commented examples of appropriate reporting, we clarify the rationale for each of the 30 items on the STARD 2015 checklist, and describe what is expected from authors in developing sufficiently informative study reports.

Keywords: Diagnostic accuracy; Medical publishing; Peer review; Reporting quality; Research waste; Sensitivity and specificity.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Example of flow diagram from a study evaluating the accuracy of faecal immunochemical testing for diagnosis of advanced colorectal neoplasia (adapted from Collins et al, with permission).
Figure 2
Figure 2
STARD 2015 flow diagram.

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