Aberrant functional connectivity in depression as an index of state and trait rumination

David Rosenbaum, Alina Haipt, Kristina Fuhr, Florian B Haeussinger, Florian G Metzger, Hans-Christoph Nuerk, Andreas J Fallgatter, Anil Batra, Ann-Christine Ehlis, David Rosenbaum, Alina Haipt, Kristina Fuhr, Florian B Haeussinger, Florian G Metzger, Hans-Christoph Nuerk, Andreas J Fallgatter, Anil Batra, Ann-Christine Ehlis

Abstract

Depression has been shown to be related to a variety of aberrant brain functions and structures. Particularly the investigation of alterations in functional connectivity (FC) in major depressive disorder (MDD) has been a promising endeavor, since a better understanding of pathological brain networks may foster our understanding of the disease. However, the underling mechanisms of aberrant FC in MDD are largely unclear. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) we investigated FC in the cortical parts of the default mode network (DMN) during resting-state in patients with current MDD. Additionally, we used qualitative and quantitative measures of psychological processes (e.g., state/trait rumination, mind-wandering) to investigate their contribution to differences in FC between depressed and non-depressed subjects. Our results indicate that 40% of the patients report spontaneous rumination during resting-state. Depressed subjects showed reduced FC in parts of the DMN compared to healthy controls. This finding was linked to the process of state/trait rumination. While rumination was negatively correlated with FC in the cortical parts of the DMN, mind-wandering showed positive associations.

Conflict of interest statement

Prof. Dr. Anil Batra, Dr. Kristina Fuhr and Alina Haipt were partly supported by Milton Erickson Gesellschaft für klinische Hypnose e.V. Ann-Christine Ehlis was partly supported by IZKF Tübingen (Junior Research Group 2115-0-0).

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Analysis scheme: Analysis steps 1, 2 and 4 were performed on the whole sample. In the third analysis step, only the depressed subjects were investigated.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Differences between non-depressed and depressed subjects in FC in the NBS analysis at t = 2.7 and in selected seed regions (red nodes in the network maps). Warm colors indicate higher FC in the non-depressed subjects. Seed regions are marked by a white star.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlations between trait rumination and FC in the three seed regions of the depression-related network. Seed regions are marked by a white star.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Correlations between state rumination and FC in the three seed regions of the depression-related network. Seed regions are marked by a white star.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Differences between “depressed low trait-ruminators” and “depressed high trait-ruminators”. Cold colors indicate lower FC in high-ruminators compared to low-ruminators.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Differences between “depressed low state-ruminators” and “depressed high state-ruminators”. Cold colors indicate lower FC in high-ruminators compared to low-ruminators.

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