Protection of Chinese herbs against adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats

Abstract

The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of Chinese herbs (Angelica sinensis, Ligusticum wallichii, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Rhizoma dioscoreae, Rhodiola crenilata, Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis) on adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats. 30 age-matched male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Rats in group A (n = 10), B (n = 10) and C (n = 10) were fed a standard laboratory chow and allowed tap water ad libitum. In group B and C, renal failure was induced by the administration of a diet containing 0.75% adenine for 28 days which began at day 0. Rats in group C were given Chinese herbs (40 ml/kg with drug concentration 1.75 g/ml) beginning at day 0. Urine albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were determined at days 0, 14 and 28. At day 28, the animals were killed and their kidneys removed for light microscope evaluation. Body weight in Group B decreased more significantly than that in Group C (p = 0.032) at day 28. The rats in group B demonstrated more severe proteinuria and higher Serum creatinine and BUN levels than group C at day 14 and day 28 (P < 0.05, 0.01). All rats given adenine developed marked structural renal damage involving the tubule and interstitium. The values were much less severe in group C than those in group B. In adenine-induced chronic renal failure rats, the protective effects of these Chinese herbs were of a significant nature. Our results do support the notion that these Chinese herbs are useful in deferring the advance of chronic renal failure. We recommend Chinese herbs as a beneficial treatment for pre-end stage chronic renal failure.

Keywords: Adenine; Chinese herbs; Histology; Renal failure.

Figures

Fig. 1

Normal tubular cells and tubules in group A at day 28 HE, 80×

Fig. 2

Tubular damages. (A) Tubular dilatation (arrows), epithelial hyperplasia, calcification of the basement membrane of tubules (arrowhead) in group B at day 28, HE, 80×. (B) The rats in group C show less severe tubular damage at day 28, HE, 80×.

Fig. 3

Crystals of adenine in the interstitium. (A) Massive crystals of adenine in the interstitium (arrows) in group B at day, HE, 80×. (B) Much less crystals of adenine in the interstitium (arrows) in group C at day 28, HE, 80×.

Fig. 4

Inflammatory cell infiltration. (A) Severe inflammatory cell infiltration and giant cells (arrows) in interstitium of the kidney in group B at day 28, HE, 80×. (B) Less inflammatory cell infiltration in the interstitium in group C at day 28, HE, 80×.