Derivation of a frailty index from the interRAI acute care instrument

Ruth E Hubbard, Nancye M Peel, Mayukh Samanta, Leonard C Gray, Brant E Fries, Arnold Mitnitski, Kenneth Rockwood, Ruth E Hubbard, Nancye M Peel, Mayukh Samanta, Leonard C Gray, Brant E Fries, Arnold Mitnitski, Kenneth Rockwood

Abstract

Background: A better understanding of the health status of older inpatients could underpin the delivery of more individualised, appropriate health care.

Methods: 1418 patients aged ≥ 70 years admitted to 11 hospitals in Australia were evaluated at admission using the interRAI assessment system for Acute Care. This instrument surveys a large number of domains, including cognition, communication, mood and behaviour, activities of daily living, continence, nutrition, skin condition, falls, and medical diagnosis.

Results: Variables across multiple domains were selected as health deficits. Dichotomous data were coded as symptom absent (0 deficit) or present (1 deficit). Ordinal scales were recoded as 0, 0.5 or 1 deficit based on face validity and the distribution of data. Individual deficit scores were summed and divided by the total number considered (56) to yield a Frailty index (FI-AC) with theoretical range 0-1. The index was normally distributed, with a mean score of 0.32 (±0.14), interquartile range 0.22 to 0.41. The 99% limit to deficit accumulation was 0.69, below the theoretical maximum of 1.0. In logistic regression analysis including age, gender and FI-AC as covariates, each 0.1 increase in the FI-AC increased the likelihood of inpatient mortality twofold (OR: 2.05 [95% CI 1.70-2.48]).

Conclusions: Quantification of frailty status at hospital admission can be incorporated into an existing assessment system, which serves other clinical and administrative purposes. This could optimise clinical utility and minimise costs. The variables used to derive the FI-AC are common to all interRAI instruments, and could be used to precisely measure frailty across the spectrum of health care.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of the frailty index-acute care.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Frailty index-acute care versus age plot. Legend: Average FI-AC (blue) and the 99th percentile (red) are shown against age. Best fit regression lines are overlaid to illustrate no accumulation of deficits in the 99th percentile (red) and 0.5% deficit accumulation per year in the average FI-AC (blue).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Average Frailty index for 20 samples. Legend: The Frailty index was created 1000 times, each time randomly picking 80% of the variables of the index. Twenty randomly (out of 1000) selected experimental and best fit regression lines of the average Frailty index are shown here.

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Source: PubMed

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