Shared Reading for Pediatric Ophthalmic Education

安慰剂比较：Leaflet

Standard printed educational leaflet

行为的：standard printed educational leaflet

Standard printed educational leaflet for cycloplegic refraction exam.

有源比较器：Book

Commercially available children's book (Maisy Goes to the Eye Doctor) for parent-child shared reading

行为的：Commercially available children's book

Maisy Goes to the Eye Doctor

实验性的：Customized book

Customized educational book on cycloplegic drops and refraction procedures, designed via generative AI, also for parent-child shared reading

行为的：Generative AI-customized educational book

Generative AI-customized educational book focusing on cycloplegic administration and optometric examination.

其他名称：

• Maisy Goes to the Eye Doctor
• Standard printed educational leaflet

visual analogue scale of anxiety

Pediatric anxiety levels will be quantified using a 0-10 scale supplemented by facial icons. Participants will be shown the scale and asked to select the face or number that best matches how they feel at that moment. The scale is anchored by "No anxiety" (0, happy face) and "Extreme anxiety" (10, distressed face). Research assistants will provide a standardized prompt: "Point to the face that shows how you feel right now."

children's emotional manifestation scale (CEMS)

This observational instrument consists of five behavioral categories: facial expression, vocalization, activity, interaction, and cooperation. Each category is scored on a 5-point Likert scale (1 to 5), with a total score ranging from 5 to 25. Higher scores represent higher levels of emotional distress and negative behaviors.

Parent Satisfaction Scale

The Parent Satisfaction Scale is a 10-item self-report questionnaire designed to evaluate the caregiver's perception of the quality of pediatric ophthalmic care. The scale assesses several key domains of the clinical encounter, including patient-centered communication, emotional support, clinician-parent partnership, and overall service quality.

Scoring and Administration:

Each item is scored using a 5-point Likert scale, with response options ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). A total satisfaction score is calculated by summing the responses, with higher scores (ranging from 10 to 50) indicating higher levels of parental satisfaction with the healthcare delivery and the educational intervention provided.

Staff Satisfaction Scale

The Staff Satisfaction Scale is a 7-item clinician-reported instrument designed to evaluate the clinical feasibility and perceived quality of a pediatric eye examination. The scale measures the nurse's observation of patient cooperation, parental engagement, and the effectiveness of the clinical workflow.

Scoring and Administration:

Following the patient's encounter, the attending ophthalmic nurse rates each statement using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). Higher aggregate scores indicate a more efficient clinical process and a higher level of professional satisfaction with the care delivery.