Campath-1H for Treating Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma

Phase II Study of the Efficacy and Toxicity of Campath-1H in the Therapy of Adult T-Cell Leukemia

This study will examine the safety and effectiveness of Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) for treating patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). ATL is caused by a virus called human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) that infects lymphocytes (white blood cells) called T-cells. Cancerous cells can be found not only in the blood, but also in the skin, lungs, lymph nodes, liver, bone, bone marrow, spleen, and meninges (tissues covering the brain). There are four categories of ATL, based on the aggressiveness of disease-smoldering, chronic, lymphoma, and acute. Campath-1H is a monoclonal antibody that attaches to and kills normal and cancerous lymphocytes, including T cells. Although Campath-1H is an experimental drug for treating ATL, it is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Patients 18 years of age and older with any type of ATL except smoldering may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with a medical history and physical examination, photos of skin lesions, measurement of lesions such as lymph nodes and skin nodules, blood and urine tests, electrocardiogram (EKG), chest x-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan or ultrasound of the abdomen, skin biopsy, bone marrow aspirate and biopsy, skin test, and lumbar puncture (spinal tap). Participants undergo treatment in two phases, as follows:

• Dose escalation phase: Patients receive an infusion of Campath-1H daily for three days. The initial dose is low and is increased daily as long as there are no side effects, or only mild reactions, until the patient is receiving the maximum dose of 30 milligrams per day.
• Stable dose phase: Patients receive infusions of Campath-1H 30 mg three times a week for up to 12 weeks.

In addition to treatment, patients are evaluated with the following tests and procedures:

• History and physical examination every 4 weeks.
• Blood tests every 4 weeks.
• CT scans to measure the size of the tumors every 4 weeks.
• Skin biopsies (if skin disease is present) and lymph note aspirates: Up to five biopsies and five aspirates may be taken to help diagnose the disease and evaluate the effect of Campath-1H on the cancer.
• Bone marrow biopsy: This procedure may be done to document or monitor disease progress.

Patients receive treatment for up to 12 weeks. Treatment may stop earlier if the patient achieves a complete response before the end of 12 weeks. Patients completing the study are followed periodically with a history and physical examination, blood and urine tests, tumor evaluation, skin biopsy and skin testing. They are seen monthly at first and then at 3-month intervals the first year; every 4 months the second year, every 6 months for the third through fifth years, and then yearly.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Acute T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma
• Intervention / Treatment: Biological: Alemtuzumab

Detailed Description

Background:

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive lymphoproliferative disorder caused by an infection with the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-1 (HTLV-1).

ATL is characterized by rapidly rising peripheral blood leukemia cell counts, lymphadenopathy, lytic bone lesions, hepatosplenomegaly, and skin and solid organ involvement by tumor.

Chemotherapy has shown modest activity and the treatment of ATL has remained largely undefined and the survival of ATL patients poor.

The CD52 surface glycoantigen is overexpressed on ATL cells.

Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) is a humanized rat monoclonal antibody that binds to CD52 and is cytotoxic.

In preclinical models, Campath-1H inhibited tumor growth and improved the survival of Non-obese diabetic (NOD)/severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice injected with human MET-1 ATL cells.

Objectives:

To determine the efficacy of Campath-1H in the treatment of ATL.

To define the time course of Campath-1H saturation in patients with ATL.

To define the toxicity of Campath-1H in patients with ATL.

Eligibility:

Patients with HTLV-I-associated adult T-cell leukemia.

More than 10% of the malignant cells must express CD52 and CD25.

Patients must have measurable disease.

The patient must have a granulocyte count of at least 1000/mm(3) and a platelet count of greater than or equal to 50,000/mm(3).

Design:

A single institution non-randomized open-label Phase II trial.

This trial will recruit a maximum of 30 eligible patients.

Patients will receive antimicrobial and antiviral prophylaxis while on-study due to the known immunosuppressive effects of Campath-1H.

Patients will receive I.V. Campath-1H 3 mg on day 1, 10 mg on day 2, and 30 mg day 3 followed by maintenance Campath-1H 30 mg I.V. three time per week.

Patients will be evaluated for response and continuation of Campath-1H therapy after weeks 4 and 8 of maintenance treatment.

Patients are eligible to receive a maximum of 12 weeks of maintenance Campath-1H treatment.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 29
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Maryland
    • Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892
      • National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients must have serum antibodies directed to Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1).
• All patients must have a histologically confirmed diagnosis of adult T- cell leukemia/lymphoma and more than 10% of the malignant cells must express CD52 and CD25.
• All stages of Tac-expressing adult T-cell leukemia except smoldering are eligible: patients with chronic, lymphoma or acute Acute T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) are eligible.
• Patients must have measurable disease. All patients with greater than 10% abnormal (i.e. Tac homogeneous strongly expressing) peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)in the peripheral blood will be deemed to have measurable disease.
• The patient must have a granulocyte count of at least 100/mm(3) and a platelet count of greater than or equal to 50,000/mm(3).
• Patients must have a creatinine of less than 3.0 mg/dl.
• Omission of cytotoxic chemotherapy for ATL for 3 weeks prior to entry into the trial is required. However patients receiving a stable dose of corticosteroids for at least three to four weeks without evidence of tumor response will be eligible.
• Patients must have a life expectancy of greater than 2 months.
• Eligible patients must be greater than or equal to 18 years old. There is no upper age limit.
• Patients must have serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) value less than or equal to 2.5-fold greater than the upper limit of normal and bilirubin less than or equal to 3.0/dl. If a liver function test is judged to be elevated due to the underlying ATL, this parameter will be considered an unevaluable parameter for toxicity determinations.
• Patients must be able to understand and sign an Informed Consent form.
• All patients must use adequate contraception during participation in this trial and for three months after completing therapy.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with symptomatic leukemic meningitis will be excluded. However patients that have both ATL and another HTLV-1-associated disease, tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) will be included.
• Pregnant and nursing patients are not eligible for the study. Because the effects of CAMPATH-1H on the developing fetus are unknown pregnant women will be excluded. Breast-feeding in patients with HTLV-1 infection is contraindicated because of the risk of transmission of the virus to the child. In addition, CAMPATH-1H may be present in breast milk and produce adverse events in the breast-feeding child.
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients are excluded from the study. CAMPATH-1H may produce a different pattern of toxicities in patients with HIV infection and in addition the depletion of T cells produced by CAMPATH-1H may have adverse effects on HIV positive individuals.
• Patients with smoldering ATL are excluded.
• Patients with previously received Campath-1GH are ineligible.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Campath-1H; Infusion of Campath-1H 3 mg on day # 1, 10 mg on day #2, and 30 mg day # 3 followed by maintenance Campath-1H 30 mg intravenously three times per week.	Biological: Alemtuzumab; Infusion of Campath-1H 3 mg on day # 1, 10 mg on day #2, and 30 mg day # 3 followed by maintenance Campath-1H 30 mg intravenously three times per week. Patients are eligible to receive a maximum of 12 weeks of maintenance Campath-1H treatment.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Overall Response Rate	Overall response rate is defined as the percentage of participants with response and utilizes the International Standardized workshop definition. Complete response(CR)-Complete disappearance of all detectable clinical and radiographic evidence of disease and disappearance of all disease related symptoms if present before therapy and normalization of those biochemical abnormalities (for example LDH) definitely assignable to the lymphoma. Please see the protocol Link module for the full criteria if desired.	60 months
Overall Survival	Time between the first day of treatment to the day of death.	60 months
Time to Progression	Time between the first day of treatment to the day of disease progression which is defined as a persistent (at least two determinations) doubling of the peripheral blood leukemic cell count, the development of new lesions, or Ca elevations that are uncontrolled by conventional therapeutic procedures.	60 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Cell Surface Expression of CD52 on Tumor Cells	The CD52 antibody-binding capacity (ABC) value is the measurement of the mean value of the maximum capacity of each cell to bind the anti-CD52 and when determined under conditions of saturating levels of antibody measures number of mean surface CD52 antigens per cell. CD52 ABC is negative when 100% saturation by therapeutic antibody is achieved.	6 months
The Number of Participants With Adverse Events	Here are the total number of participants with adverse events. For the detailed list of adverse events see the adverse event module.	18 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Thomas A Waldmann, M.D., NCI, NIH

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Kohler G, Milstein C. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. 1975. Biotechnology. 1992;24:524-6. No abstract available.
• Catane R, Longo DL. Monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy. Isr J Med Sci. 1988 Sep-Oct;24(9-10):471-6.
• Dickman S. Antibodies stage a comeback in cancer treatment. Science. 1998 May 22;280(5367):1196-7. doi: 10.1126/science.280.5367.1196. No abstract available.
• Chen J, Pise-Masison CA, Shih JH, Morris JC, Janik JE, Conlon KC, Keating A, Waldmann TA. Markedly additive antitumor activity with the combination of a selective survivin suppressant YM155 and alemtuzumab in adult T-cell leukemia. Blood. 2013 Mar 14;121(11):2029-37. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-427773. Epub 2013 Jan 15.

Helpful Links

• Drug Information Portal
• MedlinePlus
• U.S FDA Resources
• Journal of Clinical Oncology
• Report of an International Workshop to Standardize Response Criteria for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: May 1, 2003
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 1, 2009
• Study Completion (Actual): July 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 20, 2003
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 20, 2003
• First Posted (Estimate): May 21, 2003

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): October 31, 2012
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 26, 2012
• Last Verified: October 1, 2012

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: ATL; Monoclonal Antibody; Flow Cytometry; HTLV-1; CD52; Antibody Saturation; Adult T-Cell Leukemia (ATL)
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Immune System Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Lymphatic Diseases; Immunoproliferative Disorders; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Lymphoma; Leukemia; Leukemia, T-Cell; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Alemtuzumab
• Other Study ID Numbers: 030194 (Other Identifier: Clinical Center (CC), National Institutes of Health (NIH)); 03-C-0194 (Other Identifier: Clinical Center (CC), National Institutes of Health (NIH))