Trial of Rituximab for Graves' Ophthalmopathy

December 30, 2015 updated by: Rebecca Bahn

Phase 2/3 Study of Rituximab for Graves' Ophthalmopathy

This study is being done to investigate the effects (good and bad) of Rituximab for the treatment of an autoimmune eye disease called Graves' ophthalmopathy. This disease has proven to be difficult to treat. Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody that depletes a line of cells involved in the autoimmune response. The study hypotheses is that rituximab is effective in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe active Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Laboratory evidence suggests that autoantibodies targeting the thyrotropin receptor are directly involved in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). This double-blind, randomized, controlled study will determine whether rituximab, an anti-B-lymphocyte antigen (CD20) monoclonal antibody that induces transient B-cell depletion, is an effective treatment for moderate to severe, active GO.

Before any treatment is given, careful eye and thyroid physical examinations will be performed and the patients will have several thyroid blood tests, a test to count the white cells in the blood, and a CT scan of the head and eyes. A close-up photograph of the face will be taken and patients will be given a short questionnaire about how their eyes are feeling and how the eye disease is affecting their quality of life.

Each study subject will receive either 2 infusions of rituximab (each 1000 mg; given 2 weeks apart) or 2 intravenous infusions of saline. Glucocorticoids (methylprednisolone 100 mg) or saline will also be administered IV as premedication to the rituximab and placebo arm respectively, in a blinded fashion but matching the randomization, to decrease the rate of infusion-associated reactions. All antihypertensive medications will be held for the 12 hours prior to and during the infusion. Patients will return 2 weeks after the first intravenous infusion in order to receive the second infusion.

Patients will be assessed at weeks 8, 16, 24 and 52 for eye disease severity, CAS, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroid autoantibodies (TRAB), thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and C19+B cell count. CT scan of the orbits will be obtained at baseline and week 52 for orbital volume measurements and proptosis. Thyroid ultrasound will be obtained at baseline, week 24 and week 52 for thyroid volume measurements and color Doppler flow assessment.

Data analysis - Continuous variables were compared between the two treatment groups using t test or the Wilcoxon rank sum test, while categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-square /Fisher exact test. Non-parametric methods were used throughout where normality and chi-squared assumptions did not hold. General linear models were used to access treatment effect on change in CAS between baseline and 24 or 52 weeks. Patients who discontinued the trial prior to week 52 were evaluated before discontinuation and those data were carried forward to either 24 weeks (for the 5 patients who discontinued prior to or at week 24) or 52 weeks (for the single patient discontinued from the trial after 24 weeks) as the final evaluation for that patient. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

25

Phase

  • Phase 2
  • Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Minnesota
      • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
        • Mayo Clinic

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 80 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with clinical activity score (CAS) of ≥4 and moderate to severe disease severity, as defined by thyroid eye disease severity scale based on the first letter of the defining characteristic of each class, the classification is known as: 'no signs or symptoms; only signs; soft tissue; proptosis; extraocular muscle; cornea; sight loss' (NOSPECS) score
  • Euthyroid for at least 6-8 weeks
  • No immediate need for decompression surgery
  • With disease progression over the previous 1-2 months or without evident improvement in the prior 6 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Corticosteroid use in the preceding 4 weeks
  • HIV, hepatitis C or hepatitis B infections
  • Denied consent for HIV or hepatitis testing
  • Mild or inactive Graves' ophthalmopathy
  • Orbital radiotherapy within 18 months or orbital surgery within the past year
  • Absolute neutrophil count < 1,500/mm^3
  • Pregnant or nursing patients
  • Coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, significant arrhythmias, significant infection or immunodeficiency, other serious illnesses

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Quadruple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Rituximab
Rituximab 1000 mg IV twice at 2-week intervals, each preceded by Methylprednisolone 100 mg IV as premedication to the rituximab infusion.
Drug: Rituximab
Subjects will receive 2 infusions of rituximab (1000 mg IV), two weeks apart.
Other Names:
  • Rituxan
  • MabThera
Drug: Methylprednisolone
Subjects will receive methylprednisolone 100 mg IV as premedication to the rituximab infusion.
Other Names:
  • Medrol
  • Solu-Medrol
Placebo Comparator: Placebo
Subjects will receive 2 infusions of saline IV, 2 weeks apart, each preceded by a premedication saline IV.
Drug: Saline
Subjects will receive 2 infusions of saline IV, 2 weeks apart, each preceded by a premedication saline IV.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Clinical Activity Score (CAS)
Time Frame: baseline, 6 months after the first infusion
The clinical activity score (CAS), for Grave's ophthalmopathy has become a widely accepted tool to assess disease activity and help decide the management of the condition. The CAS, which is based on classical signs of inflammation (pain, redness, and swelling), consists of 7 equally weighted items. The total CAS (as used in this study) may range from 0 to 7. The higher the CAS, the greater degree of inflammation is present. A drop in CAS of 2 or more points suggests an improvement in the inflammatory components of the disease. A CAS ≥3 implies active disease.
baseline, 6 months after the first infusion

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Failure Rate
Time Frame: 6 months after first infusion, 12 months after first infusion
The failure rate was defined as a composite variable of CAS decrease of < 2 points or need for additional therapy (excluding cosmetic surgery) for the eye disease.
6 months after first infusion, 12 months after first infusion
Change in Disease Severity
Time Frame: baseline, 6 months after first infusion
Disease severity was measured by the NOSPECS Score. This classification scheme of the eye changes in thyroid eye disease was introduced by the American Thyroid Association. It separates patients into seven classes of disease (class 0-6), with 0 being no signs or symptoms and 6 being sight loss. (The acronym is based on the first letter of the defining characteristic of each class, the classification is known as: 'no signs or symptoms; only signs; soft tissue; proptosis; extraocular muscle; cornea; sight loss' (NOSPECS) ).
baseline, 6 months after first infusion
Change in Proptosis
Time Frame: baseline, 12 months after first infusion
Eye proptosis is a condition resulting in forward displacement of the globe from its normal position within the orbit. It is measured by computed tomography. Improvement in proptosis was defined as a decrease in proptosis by ≥2 mm.
baseline, 12 months after first infusion
Change in Lid Fissure
Time Frame: baseline, 6 months after first infusion

The palpebral fissure is the elliptic space between the medial and lateral canthi of the two open eye lids. In adults, this measures about 10mm vertically and 30mm horizontally. The fissure may be increased in vertical height in Graves' disease.

Improvement was defined as a decrease in lid aperture width by ≥3 mm.
baseline, 6 months after first infusion
Change in Extraocular Motility
Time Frame: baseline, 6 months after first infusion, 12 months after first infusion

Change extraocular motility was assessed using the Gorman diplopia score. Diplopia, commonly known as double vision, is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced horizontally, vertically, or diagonally (i.e., both vertically and horizontally) in relation to each other. It is usually the result of impaired function of the extraocular muscles, where both eyes are still functional but they cannot converge to target the desired object.

The Gorman diplopia score includes four categories: 1) no diplopia (absent), 2) diplopia when the patient is tired or awakening (intermittent), 3) diplopia at extremes of gaze (inconstant), and 4) continuous diplopia in the primary or reading position (constant).
baseline, 6 months after first infusion, 12 months after first infusion
Graves' Ophthalmopathy Quality of Life Score Using the Short Form-12 (SF-12) Health Survey
Time Frame: baseline, 6 months after first infusion, 12 months after first infusion
Quality of life (QoL) was measured by the SF-12 questionnaire. The SF-12 is a multipurpose short form survey with 12 questions, all selected from the SF-36 Health Survey. Physical and Mental Health Composite Scores are computed (combined, scored, and weighted) using the scores of the 12 questions and range from 0 to 100, where a zero score indicates the lowest level of health measured by the scales and 100 indicates the highest level of health. Improvement was defined as a change of ≥ 6 points.
baseline, 6 months after first infusion, 12 months after first infusion
Failure Rate at One Year
Time Frame: one year
The failure rate was defined as a composite variable of CAS decrease of < 2 points or need for additional therapy (excluding cosmetic surgery) for the eye disease.
one year

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Rebecca Bahn

Collaborators

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Rebecca S Bahn, MD, Mayo Clinic

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

April 1, 2008

Primary Completion (Actual)

March 1, 2013

Study Completion (Actual)

September 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 1, 2008

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 15, 2008

First Posted (Estimate)

January 16, 2008

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

January 1, 2016

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 30, 2015

Last Verified

December 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 06-006130
  • UL1RR024150 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)
  • R01DK077814-01 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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