The Skin Savvy Study: A Behavioral Skin Cancer Prevention Intervention

The purpose of the proposed project is to investigate the efficacy and longevity of two novel approaches to changing skin protection behaviors: 1) UV-detect photos that reveal currently existing skin damage and 2) motivational interviewing (MI), a person-centered, yet directive counseling style used to enhance internal motivation to change health behaviors. The proposed investigations include a pilot study to refine the methodology; a small formal randomized controlled efficacy trial; and a dismantling study. These studies will also expand current knowledge and research in several major ways: 1) the use of UV-detect photos will enable highly salient and personalized feedback, 2) MI will be used in a previously untried health domain (skin cancer prevention), 3) objective skin color changes will be measured using state-of-the-art skin reflectance spectrophotometry, and 4) the proposed studies will test aspects of several major psychological theories (e.g., Transtheoretical Model, Prototype/Willingness Model) to identify moderators/mediators of outcome.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Skin Cancer Prevention
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Education; Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing; Device: UV-Detect Photos

Detailed Description

Teens and young adults are at high risk for overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, a leading factor in the development of skin cancer. The majority of these individuals continue to protect themselves minimally and tan intentionally, including significant increases in tanning booth use recently. Such care-free behaviors exist despite widespread education/awareness about UV radiation and skin cancer. The purpose of the proposed project is to investigate the efficacy and longevity of two novel approaches to changing skin protection behaviors: 1) UV-detect photos that reveal currently existing skin damage and 2) motivational interviewing (MI), a person-centered, yet directive counseling style used to enhance internal motivation to change health behaviors. The proposed investigations include a pilot study to refine the methodology; a small formal randomized controlled efficacy trial; and a dismantling study. These studies will also expand current knowledge and research in several major ways: 1) the use of UV-detect photos will enable highly salient and personalized feedback, 2) MI will be used in a previously untried health domain (skin cancer prevention), 3) objective skin color changes will be measured using state-of-the-art skin reflectance spectrophotometry, and 4) the proposed studies will test aspects of several major psychological theories (e.g., Transtheoretical Model, Prototype/Willingness Model) to identify moderators/mediators of outcome. Therefore, the studies should provide useful information about process and outcome for skin cancer prevention researchers and clinicians.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 197
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Pennsylvania
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19012
      • Fox Chase Cancer Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 24 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18 or older

Exclusion Criteria:

• Visual impairment

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Placebo Comparator: Education; Participants were given a packet of standard skin cancer prevention educational brochures and handouts from major professional organizations to review independently for 10-15 minutes.	Behavioral: Education; Education
Active Comparator: Motivational Interviewing; Participants met with a trained counselor who reviewed any personalized feedback of risk derived from the baseline assessments (e.g., history of sunburns, self-reported UV exposure, protective behaviors). Counselors utilized the basic motivational interviewing skills of open-ended questions, reflection of participant statements, affirmations/positive feedback, and summation of major points throughout the discussion. These sessions took about 22 minutes.	Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing; Motivational Interviewing
Active Comparator: UV-detect photos; Participants were shown a regular black and white photo and a black and white UV-filtered photo of their face. Participants were told that "Any dark, spotted, freckled, wrinkled, uneven, or pitted areas indicate existing underlying skin damage that is difficult to reverse. However, protecting the skin from UV radiation can prevent future damage." Participants were asked what they noticed about the photos, what their reactions were, and how this might affect their behavior. These sessions took 12 minutes on average.	Device: UV-Detect Photos; UV-Detect Photos
Experimental: UV-detect photos & MI; Participants met with a trained counselor who reviewed any personalized feedback of risk derived from the baseline assessments (e.g., history of sunburns, self-reported UV exposure, protective behaviors). Counselors utilized the basic motivational interviewing skills of open-ended questions, reflection of participant statements, affirmations/positive feedback, and summation of major points throughout the discussion. In addition to baseline feedback, participants were also interviewed about the black & white and UV-filtered photos of their faces. These sessions took about 25 minutes.	Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing; Motivational Interviewing; Device: UV-Detect Photos; UV-Detect Photos

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Sun Stage of Change at 3 Months	The Sun Stage of Change (SOC) Scale has 4 items asking participants whether they have been protecting their skin for the past year (maintenance), if they protect their skin now (action), whether they intend to protect their skin in the next 30 days (preparation), whether they intend to protect their skin in the next year (contemplation), or none of the above (pre-contemplation).	3 months
Sun Stage of Change at 12 Months	The Sun Stage of Change (SOC) Scale has 4 items asking participants whether they have been protecting their skin for the past year (maintenance), if they protect their skin now (action), whether they intend to protect their skin in the next 30 days (preparation), whether they intend to protect their skin in the next year (contemplation), or none of the above (pre-contemplation).	12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Fox Chase Cancer Center
• Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Carolyn Heckman, PhD, Fox Chase Cancer Center

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: March 1, 2006
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 1, 2008
• Study Completion (Actual): June 1, 2010

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 1, 2008
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 1, 2008
• First Posted (Estimate): July 3, 2008

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 31, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 31, 2018
• Last Verified: July 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Skin Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Skin Neoplasms
• Other Study ID Numbers: K07CA108685 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)