Explaining Sedentary Behavior With Planning (the Revised HAPA Model)

Explaining Sedentary Behavior With the Revised Reflective + Impulsive Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Model

This study would investigate the effects of forming action plans on a reduction of sedentary behaviors. Participants will be randomly assigned to either active control group (education on sedentary behaviors and physical activity) or the intervention group (forming action plans referring to replacing sedentary activities with physical activity. The effects of the intervention will be evaluated at the 2-month follow-up and at the 8-month follow-up.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Sedentary Behavior
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Planning + Education; Behavioral: Education

Detailed Description

The effects of three sessions (3 education sessions versus 3 education sessions+ forming plans to replace sedentary behavior with physical activity) will be investigated among participants from three age groups: adolescents (12-17 years old), adults (18-60 years old), and older adults (>60 years old). Compared to education only, forming plans about how to replace time spent on sedentary activities with physical activity is expected to result in a significantly larger change (a reduction) of sedentary time at the follow-up. Accelerometers will be used to evaluate short-term and mid-term changes in total sedentary time and the relative proportion of time spent on sedentary behavior vs light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous- intensity physical activity.

Additionally, the study will observe changes in if the cognitions included in the Health Action Process Approach model (HAPA), such risk perception, self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, intention, action control, as well as changes in behavioral habit, presence of sedentary behavior cues in physical environment, and physical activity behavior. The observations will be conducted three times, at the baseline (before the intervention), the 2-month follow up, and at the 8-month follow-up.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 900
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Aleksandra Luszczynska, PhD; Phone Number: +48694441765; Email: aluszczynska@swps.edu.pl
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Ewa Kulis, MA; Phone Number: +48723527172; Email: ekulis@swps.edu.pl

Study Locations

• Poland
  • Lower Silezia
    • Wroclaw, Lower Silezia, Poland, 53-328
      • Recruiting
      • SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities
      • Contact: Katarzyna Byrka, PhD; Email: kbyrka@swps.edu.pl
      • Contact: Martyna Kuszneruk, MA; Email: mkuszneruk@swps.edu.pl
      • Sub-Investigator: Zofia Szczuka, MA
      • Sub-Investigator: Ewa Kulis, MA
      • Sub-Investigator: Monika Boberska, MA
      • Sub-Investigator: Magdalena Kruk, MA

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 10 years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• not meeting physical activity guidelines proposed by the World Health Organization

Exclusion Criteria:

• any existing diseases with contraindications for moderate intensity physical activity, confirmed by patient's primary care physician or a specialist in cardiovascular diseases/endocrinology/rehabilitation medicine providing care for the patient during the recruitment and follow-ups

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Planning + Education; 3 education sessions + 1 planning session (integrated into the 3rd education session); delivered face-to-face over 3 weeks (after the baseline measurement), individually. Planning: The planning materials and forms have sections: (a) instructions of what should be included in a good plan (the when, where, and how components), (b) formulating action and coping plans. Action plans (referring to when, when, and how the individual will act) as well as coping plans (referring to how to overcome potential difficulties) will be formed. After forming the plans individually, experimenters will discuss the plans with the participants.	Behavioral: Planning + Education; Planning: Participants will fill in the planning forms that efer to replacing sedentary behavior with physical activity. The following behavior change techniques are included in the planning intervention protocol: action planning, barrier identification, prompting self-talk, relapse prevention/coping planning. Applications of all behavior change techniques would include references to planning.; Behavioral: Education; The education would include extended sedentary behavior and physical activity education, delivered face-to-face by the experimenters. The education includes: (1) the behavioral guidelines, tailored to age and health status of the participants, (2) the examples of exercises and their metabolic equivalent, and (3) the education about ways to break sedentary behavior with active breaks.
Active Comparator: Education; 3 education sessions; delivered face-to-face over 3 weeks (after the baseline measurement), individually. The education includes extended physical activity and sedentary behavior education using participant-educator discussions and printed materials.	Behavioral: Education; The education would include extended sedentary behavior and physical activity education, delivered face-to-face by the experimenters. The education includes: (1) the behavioral guidelines, tailored to age and health status of the participants, (2) the examples of exercises and their metabolic equivalent, and (3) the education about ways to break sedentary behavior with active breaks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Sedentary behavior	minutes of sedentary behavior per day assessed with ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer	change from the baseline sedentary behavior at 8 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The composition of waking time	the proportion of time spent on sedentary behavior (minutes per day) to time spent on light-intensity physical activity (minutes per day) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (minutes per day) assessed with ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer	change from the baseline composition of waking time at 8 months
Physical activity	minutes of light, moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity per day measured with ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer	change from the baseline physical activity at 8 months

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Sedentary behavior habit	Self-Reported Habit Scale; mean item score ranging from 1 to 4, higher scores indicate stronger sedentary behavior habit	change from the baseline sedentary behavior habit at 8 months
Self-efficacy for reducing sedentary behavior	9 self-efficacy questionnaire items; mean item score ranging from 1 to 4, higher scores indicate stronger self-efficacy	change from the baseline self-efficacy at 8 months
Risk perception	3 questionnaire items to assess risk perception; mean item score ranging from 1 to 4, higher scores indicate higher risk perception	change from the baseline risk perception at 8 months
Outcome expectancies	18 items assessing positive (9 items) and negative (9 items) outcome expectancies; item score ranging from 1 to 4, higher scores indicate more positive outcome expectancies	change from the baseline outcome expectancies at 8 months
Action control	10 questionnaire items assessing action control; mean item score ranging from 1 to 4, higher scores indicate stronger action control	change from the baseline outcome expectancies at 8 months
Intention	3 questionnaire items assessing intention to reduce sedentary behavior; mean item score ranging from 1 to 4, higher scores indicate stronger intention to reduce sedentary behavior	change from the baseline intention at 8 months
Self-reported planning	4 questionnaire items assessing action planning; mean item score ranging from 1 to 4, higher scores indicate a higher level of self-reported planning	change from the baseline planning at 8 months
Environmental cues for sedentary behavior	10 questionnaire items assessing physical environment cues for sedentary behavior and its reduction; the total sum score ranging from 0 to 10; higher scores indicate more environmental cues for sedentary behavior	change from the baseline planning at 8 months
Body mass index (BMI)	Certified and standardized body weight scales (Beurer; European Union safety certificate; measurement error < 5%) and measuring rods will be used. Body mass index will be calculated using the following formula: body weight [in kg] divided by a square of body height (in meters). Body weight will be recorded in kilograms and body height will be recorded in meters.	change from the baseline planning at 8 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw
• Collaborators: National Science Centre, Poland
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Aleksandra Luszczynska, PhD, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Gardner B. A review and analysis of the use of 'habit' in understanding, predicting and influencing health-related behaviour. Health Psychol Rev. 2015;9(3):277-95. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2013.876238. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
• Schwarzer R, Luszczynska A. Health action process approach. In: Norman P, Conner M, editors. Predicting and changing health behavior. Maidenead, UK: McGraw-Hill; 2015.
• Sallis JF, Spoon C, Cavill N, Engelberg JK, Gebel K, Parker M, Thornton CM, Lou D, Wilson AL, Cutter CL, Ding D. Co-benefits of designing communities for active living: an exploration of literature. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015 Feb 28;12:30. doi: 10.1186/s12966-015-0188-2.
• Maher JP, Conroy DE. A dual-process model of older adults' sedentary behavior. Health Psychol. 2016 Mar;35(3):262-72. doi: 10.1037/hea0000300. Epub 2015 Dec 21.
• Keller C, Siegrist M. The weight management strategies inventory (WMSI). Development of a new measurement instrument, construct validation, and association with dieting success. Appetite. 2015 Sep;92:322-36. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.05.037. Epub 2015 Jun 3.
• Berli C, Loretini P, Radtke T, Hornung R, Scholz U. Predicting physical activity in adolescents: the role of compensatory health beliefs within the Health Action Process Approach. Psychol Health. 2014;29(4):458-74. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2013.865028. Epub 2013 Dec 20.
• Luszczynska A, Hagger MS, Banik A, Horodyska K, Knoll N, Scholz U. Self-Efficacy, Planning, or a Combination of Both? A Longitudinal Experimental Study Comparing Effects of Three Interventions on Adolescents' Body Fat. PLoS One. 2016 Jul 13;11(7):e0159125. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159125. eCollection 2016.

Helpful Links

• Study protocol in Polish

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 2, 2020
• Primary Completion (Estimated): March 30, 2024
• Study Completion (Estimated): March 30, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 15, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 17, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): October 18, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 18, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 15, 2024
• Last Verified: March 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Physical Activity; Planning
• Other Study ID Numbers: USSHWarsaw; 2017/27/B/HS6/00092 (Other Grant/Funding Number: National Science Centre, Poland); 2021/43/O/HS6/00712/ (Other Grant/Funding Number: National Science Centre, Poland)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: De-identified individual participant data for all primary, secondary, and additional outcome measures will be made available.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: Respective data will be made available together with the submission of the manuscript reporting the findings for the main outcome (not later that within 2 years after the completion of data collection).
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Data will be uploaded on Open Science Framework, available to researchers who will have a respective link.
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No