A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Apremilast (CC-10004) in the Treatment of Behçet Disease

A Phase 2, Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study Followed by an Active-Treatment Extension to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Apremilast(CC-10004) in the Treatment of Behçet Disease

The purpose of this study is to assess whether Apremilast is safe and effective in the treatment of patients with Behcet Disease.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Behcet Syndrome
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Apremilast (CC-10004); Drug: Placebo

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 111
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Eskişehir, Turkey, 26480
    • Eskisehir Osmangazi University
  • Istanbul, Turkey, 34098
    • University of Istanbul
  • Konya, Turkey, 42080
    • Selcuk University
• United States
  • Florida
    • Jacksonville, Florida, United States, 32224
      • Mayo Clinic - Rheumatology and Internal Medicine
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02118
      • E5, Boston University School of Medicine
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10003
      • NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases
  • Ohio
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44195
      • Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis of Behçet Disease. At the time of diagnosis, subjects must meet the international study group criteria for Behçet Disease
• Females of childbearing potential (FCBP) must have negative pregnancy tests and agree to use two forms of contraception throughout the study.
• Males must use barrier contraception (latex condoms) when engaging in reproductive sexual activity with FCBP
• Laboratory criteria: Hgb ≥ 9 g/dL, WBC count ≥ 3000 /microL and ≤14,000/microL, platelet count ≥ 100,000 /microL,, serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 mg/dL (≤ 132.6 μmol/L), total bilirubin ≤ 2.0 mg/dL, AST and ALT ≤ 1.5 X ULN
• Two or more oral ulcers over the 28 day period before screening, with or without current treatment
• Two or more oral ulcers at the time of randomization (Visit 2, Baseline)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant or breast feeding
• Any condition which places the subject at risk
• Systemic fungal infection
• History of TB infection within 3 years
• History of recurrent bacterial infection
• Mycobacterium TB as indicated by a positive PPD skin test
• History of incompletely treated Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Clinically significant chest x-ray abnormality at screening.
• Clinically significant ECG abnormality at screening
• History of HIV infection
• History of congenital or acquired immunodeficiency
• Hepatitis B surface antigen positive or Hepatitis B core antibody positive at screening
• Antibodies to Hepatitis C at screening
• History of malignancy (except for treated basal-cell skin carcinomas > 3 years prior to screening)
• Any active major organ involvement of Behçet Disease
• Use of concomitant immune modulating therapy or topical corticosteroids.
• Use of ocular corticosteroids
• Use of any investigational medication within 4 weeks prior to randomization or 5 PK/PD half-lives (whichever is longer)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: A. Apremilast	Drug: Apremilast (CC-10004); Treatment Phase Days 1-7: Titration from 10 mg BID apremilast tablets arm A (or matching placebo arm B) to 30 mg BID apremilast arm A(or matching placebo arm B) Day 8-84: Maintenance of 30 mg BID apremilast arm A (or matching placebo arm B) Dose reductions to 20 mg BID apremilast arm A (or matching placebo arm B) are permitted. Extension Phase All subjects will be given active drug Days 85-91: All placebo subjects from Treatment phase will be dose titrated from 10 mg BID apremilast tablets arm A to 30 mg BID Apremilast. Day 92-169: Maintenance of 30 mg BID apremilast arm A or dose reductions to 20 mg BID apremilast arm A (if not previously down titrated)
Placebo Comparator: B. Placebo Comparator	Drug: Placebo; Treatment Phase Days 1-7: Titration from 10mg BID matching placebo (arm B) to 30mg BID placebo (arm B) Day 8-84: Maintenance of 30mg BID placebo (arm B). Dose reductions to 20 mg BID matching placebo (arm B) are permitted. Extension Phase All subjects will be given active drug Days 85-91: All placebo subjects from Treatment phase will be dose titrated from 10 mg BID apremilast tablets arm A to 30 mg BID Apremilast. Day 92-169: Maintenance of 30 mg BID apremilast or dose reductions to 20 mg BID apremilast (if not previously down titrated)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Oral Ulcers at Day 85	The number of oral ulcers were counted at each visit and at the end of the treatment period (starting point was at baseline).	Day 85

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pain of Oral Ulcers as Measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at Day 85	A 100-mm VAS pain scale for oral ulcers was completed by the participant at timepoints specified in the protocol. Each 100-mm VAS was presented to the participant on a single sheet of bond paper. The participant was asked to draw a single line perpendicular to the VAS line at the point that represented the severity of their pain during the previous week, with 0 mm (the left-hand end of the scale) representing no pain and 100 mm (the right-hand end of the scale) representing the worst pain imaginable. The distance of the perpendicular line from the left-hand end of the scale was measured by ruler and recorded. When responding to a VAS item, participants specify their level of agreement to a statement by indicating a position along a continuous line between two end-points.	Day 85
Pain of Genital Ulcers as Measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Scores at Day 85	A 100-mm VAS pain scale for genital ulcers was completed by the participant at timepoints specified in the protocol. Each 100-mm VAS was presented to the participant on a single sheet of bond paper. The participant was asked to draw a single line perpendicular to the VAS line at the point that represented the severity of their pain during the previous week, with 0 mm (the left-hand end of the scale) representing no pain and 100 mm (the right-hand end of the scale) representing the worst pain imaginable. The distance of the perpendicular line from the left-hand end of the scale was measured by ruler and recorded. When responding to a VAS item, participants specify their level of agreement to a statement by indicating a position along a continuous line between two end-points.	Baseline to Day 85
Area Under the Curve (AUC) for the Number of Oral Ulcers From Day 1 to 85	Area under curve (AUC^85) from Day 1 to Day 85 for the number of oral ulcers per day was determined using the trapezoidal rule and divided by the days between the date of the last observation and baseline. The AUC was determined using the LOCF approach to impute missing values.	Day 1 to Day 85
Area Under the Curve for the Number of Genital Ulcers From Day 1 to 85	Area under curve (AUC^85) from Day 1 to Day 85 for the number of genital ulcers per day was not analyzed.	Day 1 to Day 85
Area Under the Curve (AUC) for the Number of Oral Plus Genital Ulcers From Day 1 to 85	Area under curve (AUC) from Day 1 to Day 85 (AUC^85) for the number of oral plus genital ulcers per day was determined using the trapezoidal rule and divided by the days between the date of the last observation and baseline. The AUC was determined using the LOCF approach to impute missing values.	Day 1 to Day 85
Sum of the Number Oral Ulcers, Genital Ulcers or Oral Plus Genital Ulcers at Day 85	Sum of the number oral ulcers, genital ulcers or oral plus genital ulcers at Day 85	Day 85
Percentage of Participants Who Were Oral Ulcer-free (Complete Response), or Whose Oral Ulcers Were Reduced by ≥ 50%, (Partial Response)	Comparison of the percentage of participants who were oral ulcer-free (complete response: free from active oral ulcers), or whose oral ulcers were reduced by ≥ 50%, (partial response) between the apremilast-treated and the placebo-treated groups. In this case, partial response also includes complete response.	Baseline and Day 85
Change From Baseline in the Disease Activity as Measured by BD Current Activity Form/Index Score on Day 85	The Behçet's Disease Current Activity Index consists of three component scores, a participant's perception of disease activity, a clinician's overall perception of disease activity and a Behçet's Disease Current Activity Index Score. The score ranges from 0 to 12. A higher score indicates higher level of disease activity (worsening) and a negative change from baseline indicates improvement.	Day 1 to Day 85 or to early termination visit
Number of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) During the Placebo Controlled Treatment Phase	A Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE) was defined as any AE occurring or worsening on or after the first treatment of any study drug, and within 28 days after the last dose of the last study drug. A treatment related toxicity was considered by the investigator to be not suspected or suspected. Severity grades according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0 (CTCAE) on a 1-5 scale: Grade 1= Mild AE, Grade 2= Moderate AE, Grade 3= Severe AE, Grade 4= Life-threatening or disabling AE, Grade 5=Death related to AE.	Day 1 to Day 85; maximum exposure to study drug was 13 weeks during treatment phase
Number of New Manifestations of Behçet's Disease or Flare During the Placebo Controlled Treatment Phase	A flare was defined as the development of new manifestations of BD or worsening of existing disease, meeting the following criteria: Organ involvement: any major organ involvement (eg, central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract);; Oral/genital ulcers: ≥ 100% increase in the number of oral or genital ulcers from Day 1 or a minimum increase of 3 in the number of oral or genital ulcers, whichever is greater;; Arthritis: ≥ 50% increase in the number of swollen joints, or a minimum increase of 3 swollen joints, whichever is greater;; Skin lesions (non-oral/genital ulcers): ≥ 50% increase in the total score of the Physician's Global Assessment of Skin Lesions, or a minimum increase of 2 in the total score of the Physician's Global Assessment of Skin Lesions, whichever is greater'; New onset or worsening of existing Behçet Disease-related inflammatory eye disease requiring initiation of immunosuppressive therapy (uveitis).	Day 1 to Day 85
Number of Oral Ulcers at Day 169	The number of oral ulcers were counted at Day 169 in reference to the participants' first day of active treatment (Day 1 or Day 85).	Day 169
Pain of Oral Ulcers as Measured by VAS (VAS Score) at Day 169	A 100-mm VAS pain scale for oral ulcers was completed by the participant at timepoints specified in the protocol. Each 100-mm VAS was presented to the participant on a single sheet of bond paper. The participant was asked to draw a single line perpendicular to the VAS line at the point that represented the severity of their pain during the previous week, with 0 mm (the left-hand end of the scale) representing no pain and 100 mm (the right-hand end of the scale) representing the worst pain imaginable. The distance of the perpendicular line from the left-hand end of the scale was measured by ruler and recorded. When responding to a VAS item, participants specify their level of agreement to a statement by indicating a position along a continuous line between two end-points.	Day 169
Pain of Genital Ulcers as Measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at Day 169	A 100-mm VAS pain scale for genital ulcers was completed by the participant at timepoints specified in the protocol. Each 100-mm VAS was presented to the participant on a single sheet of bond paper. The participant was asked to draw a single line perpendicular to the VAS line at the point that represented the severity of their pain during the previous week, with 0 mm (the left-hand end of the scale) representing no pain and 100 mm (the right-hand end of the scale) representing the worst pain imaginable. The distance of the perpendicular line from the left-hand end of the scale was measured by ruler and recorded. When responding to a VAS item, participants specify their level of agreement to a statement by indicating a position along a continuous line between two end-points.	Day 1 to Day 169
Behçet's Disease (BD) Current Activity Index Form Score at Day 169	The Behçet's Disease Current Activity Index consists of three component scores, a participant's perception of disease activity, a clinician's overall perception of disease activity and a Behçet's Disease Current Activity Index Score. The score ranges from 0 to 12. A higher score indicates higher level of disease activity (worsening) and a negative change from baseline indicates improvement.	Day 169
Number of New Manifestations of Behçet's Disease or Flare That Were Not Present at Day 1	A flare was defined as the development of new manifestations of BD or worsening of existing disease, meeting the following criteria: Organ involvement: any major organ involvement (eg, central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract);; Oral/genital ulcers: ≥ 100% increase in the number of oral or genital ulcers from Day 1 or a minimum increase of 3 in the number of oral or genital ulcers, whichever is greater;; Arthritis: ≥ 50% increase in the number of swollen joints, or a minimum increase of 3 swollen joints, whichever is greater;; Skin lesions (non-oral/genital ulcers): ≥ 50% increase in the total score of the Physician's Global Assessment of Skin Lesions, or a minimum increase of 2 in the total score of the Physician's Global Assessment of Skin Lesions, whichever is greater;; New onset or worsening of existing Behçet Disease-related inflammatory eye disease requiring initiation of immunosuppressive therapy (uveitis).	Day 1 to Day 169
Number of Oral Ulcers at Day 197	The number of oral ulcers were counted at each visit and at the end of the treatment period (starting point was at baseline).	Day 197
Pain of Oral Ulcers as Measured by VAS (VAS Score) at Day 197	A 100-mm VAS pain scale for oral ulcers was completed by the participant at timepoints specified in the protocol. Each 100-mm VAS was presented to the participant on a single sheet of bond paper. The participant was asked to draw a single line perpendicular to the VAS line at the point that represented the severity of their pain during the previous week, with 0 mm (the left-hand end of the scale) representing no pain and 100 mm (the right-hand end of the scale) representing the worst pain imaginable. The distance of the perpendicular line from the left-hand end of the scale was measured by ruler and recorded. When responding to a VAS item, participants specify their level of agreement to a statement by indicating a position along a continuous line between two end-points.	Day 197
Pain of Genital Ulcers as Measured by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at Day 197	A 100-mm VAS pain scale for genital ulcers was completed by the participant at timepoints specified in the protocol. Each 100-mm VAS was presented to the participant on a single sheet of bond paper. The participant was asked to draw a single line perpendicular to the VAS line at the point that represented the severity of their pain during the previous week, with 0 mm (the left-hand end of the scale) representing no pain and 100 mm (the right-hand end of the scale) representing the worst pain imaginable. The distance of the perpendicular line from the left-hand end of the scale was measured by ruler and recorded. When responding to a VAS item, participants specify their level of agreement to a statement by indicating a position along a continuous line between two end-points.	Day 1 to Day 197
Change From Baseline in the Disease Activity as Measured by BD Current Activity Form/Index Score on Day 197	The Behçet's Disease Current Activity Index consists of three component scores, a participant's perception of disease activity, a clinician's overall perception of disease activity and a Behçet's Disease Current Activity Index Score. The score ranges from 0 to 12. A higher score indicates higher level of disease activity (worsening) and a negative change from baseline indicates improvement.	Day 1 to Day 197
Summary of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events During the Active Treatment-Extension Phase	A Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE) is as any AE occurring or worsening on or after the first treatment of any study drug, and within 28 days after the last dose of the last study drug. A treatment related toxicity was considered by the investigator to be not suspected or suspected. Severity grades according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0 (CTCAE) on a 1-5 scale: Grade 1= Mild AE, Grade 2= Moderate AE, Grade 3= Severe AE, Grade 4= Life-threatening or disabling AE, Grade 5=Death related to AE.	Day 1 to Day 197; maximum exposure was 25.1 weeks

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Percentage of Participants Who Were Genital Ulcer-free (Complete Response) at Day 85	The percentage of participants who were genital ulcer-free (complete response: free from active genital ulcers)	Baseline to Day 85
Percentage of Participants Who Were Genital Ulcer-free (Complete Response) at Day 169	The percentage of participants who were genital ulcer-free (complete response: free from active genital ulcers)	Day 1 to Day 169
Percentage of Participants Who Were Genital Ulcer-free (Complete Response)	The percentage of participants who were genital ulcer-free (complete response: free from active genital ulcers)	Day 1 to Day 197

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Amgen

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Hatemi G, Melikoglu M, Tunc R, Korkmaz C, Turgut Ozturk B, Mat C, Merkel PA, Calamia KT, Liu Z, Pineda L, Stevens RM, Yazici H, Yazici Y. Apremilast for Behcet's syndrome--a phase 2, placebo-controlled study. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr 16;372(16):1510-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1408684.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 1, 2009
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 1, 2012
• Study Completion (Actual): May 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 18, 2009
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 19, 2009
• First Posted (Estimate): March 20, 2009

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 19, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 18, 2020
• Last Verified: June 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Skin Diseases; Eye Diseases; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Stomatognathic Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Uveitis, Anterior; Panuveitis; Uveitis; Uveal Diseases; Vasculitis; Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases; Skin Diseases, Genetic; Skin Diseases, Vascular; Behcet Syndrome; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Analgesics; Sensory System Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors; Apremilast
• Other Study ID Numbers: CC-10004-BCT-001; EudraCT#: 2008-002722-11

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Yes
• IPD Plan Description: De-identified individual patient data for variables necessary to address the specific research question in an approved data sharing request
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: Data sharing requests relating to this study will be considered beginning 18 months after the study has ended and either 1) the product and indication have been granted marketing authorization in both the US and Europe or 2) clinical development for the product and/or indication discontinues and the data will not be submitted to regulatory authorities. There is no end date for eligibility to submit a data sharing request for this study.
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Qualified researchers may submit a request containing the research objectives, the Amgen product(s) and Amgen study/studies in scope, endpoints/outcomes of interest, statistical analysis plan, data requirements, publication plan, and qualifications of the researcher(s). In general, Amgen does not grant external requests for individual patient data for the purpose of re-evaluating safety and efficacy issues already addressed in the product labelling. Requests are reviewed by a committee of internal advisors. If not approved, a Data Sharing Independent Review Panel will arbitrate and make the final decision. Upon approval, information necessary to address the research question will be provided under the terms of a data sharing agreement. This may include anonymized individual patient data and/or available supporting documents, containing fragments of analysis code where provided in analysis specifications. Further details are available at the URL below.
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: Study Protocol; Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP); Informed Consent Form (ICF); Clinical Study Report (CSR)