Everolimus, Gemcitabine Hydrochloride, and Cisplatin in Treating Patients With Unresectable Solid Tumors Refractory to Standard Therapy

Phase I Trial of Everolimus, Gemcitabine, and Cisplatin for Patients With Solid Tumors Refractory to Standard Therapy

This randomized phase I trial is studying the side effects and best dose of everolimus, gemcitabine hydrochloride, and cisplatin in treating patients with unresectable solid tumors refractory to standard therapy. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as everolimus, gemcitabine hydrochloride, and cisplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving more than one drug (combination chemotherapy) may kill more tumor cells.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific; Localized Gallbladder Cancer; Unresectable Gallbladder Cancer; Cholangiocarcinoma of the Gallbladder
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: gemcitabine hydrochloride; Drug: cisplatin; Drug: everolimus

Detailed Description

OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of concurrently administered everolimus and gemcitabine (gemcitabine hydrochloride) in patients with advanced, refractory solid tumors (two-agent MTD).

II. To determine the maximally tolerated dose of concurrently administered everolimus, gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced, refractory solid tumors (three-agent MTD).

III. To describe the toxicity of the two treatment combinations. IV. To describe any evidence of the antitumor activity of the two treatment combinations.

V. To obtain pilot data on toxicity and efficacy outcome of everolimus, gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with cholangiocarcinoma or gallbladder carcinoma. (Cohort III)

OUTLINE: This is a dose-escalation study of gemcitabine hydrochloride and everolimus.

COHORT I: Patients receive gemcitabine hydrochloride intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on days 1 and 8 and everolimus orally (PO) once daily or 3 times weekly.

COHORT II: Patients receive gemcitabine hydrochloride IV over 30 minutes and cisplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 8 and everolimus PO once daily or 3 times weekly.

COHORT III: Patients receive treatment as in cohort II.

Courses repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 3 months.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 38
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Arizona
    • Scottsdale, Arizona, United States, 85259
      • Mayo Clinic in Arizona
  • Florida
    • Jacksonville, Florida, United States, 32224-9980
      • Mayo Clinic in Florida
  • Minnesota
    • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
      • Mayo Clinic

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Histologic proof of cancer that is now unresectable and refractory to or refused all standard treatment for the disease; exception: cancers in which gemcitabine is considered an appropriate initial treatment option
• Cohort III (MTD) Only: Patients with histologic proof of metastatic cholangiocarcinoma or gallbladder carcinoma who have not had previous treatment for metastatic disease or who received gemcitabine >= 6 months ago as part of adjuvant therapy
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1500/uL
• Platelet (PLT) >= 100,000/uL
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x Institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =< 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (=< 5x ULN in patients with liver metastases)
• Creatinine =< 1.5 x Institutional ULN
• Alkaline phosphatase =< 5 x Institutional ULN
• Hemoglobin (Hgb) >= 9.0 g/dL
• International normalized ratio (INR) and Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) =< 3.0 x ULN (anticoagulation is allowed if target INR =< 3.0 x ULN on a stable dose of warfarin or on a stable dose of low-molecular-weight [LMW] heparin for > 2 weeks at time of registration)
• Fasting serum glucose < 1.5 x ULN
• Fasting serum cholesterol =< 300 mg/dL OR =< 7.75 mmol/L AND fasting triglycerides =< 2.5 x ULN; NOTE: In case one or both of these thresholds are exceeded, the patient can only be included after initiation of appropriate lipid lowering medication
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS) 0, 1 or 2
• Ability to provide informed consent
• Willingness to return to Mayo Clinic for follow up
• Life expectancy >= 12 weeks
• Women of childbearing potential only: Negative serum pregnancy test done =< 7 days prior to registration

Exclusion Criteria:

• Known standard therapy for the patient's disease that is potentially curative or definitely capable of extending life expectancy
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• Clinically significant cardiac disease, especially history of myocardial infarction =< 6 months, or congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] classification III or IV) requiring use of ongoing maintenance therapy for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
• Patients taking strong inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4
• Prior therapy with everolimus

• Any of the following prior therapies:

  • Chemotherapy =< 4 weeks prior to registration
  • Mitomycin C/nitrosoureas =< 6 weeks prior to registration
  • Immunotherapy =< 4 weeks prior to registration
  • Biological therapy =< 4 weeks prior to registration
  • Radiation therapy =< 4 weeks prior to registration
  • Radiation to > 25% of bone marrow prior to registration
• Failure to fully recover from acute, reversible effects of prior chemotherapy regardless of interval since last treatment
• CNS metastases that are not stable for at least 4 weeks prior to registration based on imaging, clinical assessment, and use of steroids
• Uncontrolled brain or leptomeningeal metastases, including patients who continue to require glucocorticoids for brain or leptomeningeal metastases
• Pregnant women
• Nursing women
• Men or women of childbearing potential who are unwilling to employ adequate contraception
• Other concurrent chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, or any ancillary therapy considered investigational (utilized for a non-Food and Drug Administration [FDA]-approved indication and in the context of a research investigation)
• Co-morbid systemic illnesses or other severe concurrent disease which, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study or interfere significantly with the proper assessment of safety and toxicity of the prescribed regimens
• Immunocompromised patients (other than that related to the use of corticosteroids) including patients known to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive
• Current active other malignancy, except non-melanoma skin cancer or carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix
• Impairment of gastrointestinal function or gastrointestinal disease that may significantly alter the absorption of everolimus (e.g., ulcerative disease, uncontrolled nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome or small bowel resection)
• Severely impaired lung function (i.e., forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] < 1 liter)
• Received immunization with attenuated live vaccines =< 7 days prior to study entry or during study period; NOTE: close contact with those who have received attenuated live vaccines should be avoided during treatment with everolimus; examples of live vaccines include intranasal influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, oral polio, BCG, yellow fever, varicella and TY21a typhoid vaccines
• Liver disease such as cirrhosis or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C); Note: A detailed assessment of Hepatitis B/C medical history and risk factors must be done at screening for all patients; hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing are required at screening for all patients with a positive medical history based on risk factors and/or confirmation of prior HBV/HCV infection

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Cohort I (everolimus and gemcitabine hydrochloride); Patients receive gemcitabine hydrochloride IV over 30 minutes on days 1 and 8 and everolimus PO once daily or 3 times weekly.	Drug: gemcitabine hydrochloride; Given IV; Other Names: Gemzar; gemcitabine; dFdC; difluorodeoxycytidine hydrochloride; Drug: everolimus; Given PO; Other Names: Afinitor; RAD001; 42-O-(2-hydroxy)ethyl rapamycin
Experimental: Cohort II (everolimus, gemcitabine hydrochloride, cisplatin); Patients receive gemcitabine hydrochloride IV over 30 minutes and cisplatin IV over 1 hour on days 1 and 8 and everolimus PO once daily or 3 times weekly.	Drug: gemcitabine hydrochloride; Given IV; Other Names: Gemzar; gemcitabine; dFdC; difluorodeoxycytidine hydrochloride; Drug: cisplatin; Given IV; Other Names: CDDP; DDP; CACP; CPDD; Drug: everolimus; Given PO; Other Names: Afinitor; RAD001; 42-O-(2-hydroxy)ethyl rapamycin
Experimental: Cohort III (MTD); Patients receive treatment as in cohort II.	Drug: gemcitabine hydrochloride; Given IV; Other Names: Gemzar; gemcitabine; dFdC; difluorodeoxycytidine hydrochloride; Drug: cisplatin; Given IV; Other Names: CDDP; DDP; CACP; CPDD; Drug: everolimus; Given PO; Other Names: Afinitor; RAD001; 42-O-(2-hydroxy)ethyl rapamycin

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Adverse events profile	Tabulated and summarized in this patient population. The grade 3+ adverse events will also be described and summarized in a similar fashion.	Up to 3 months post-treatment
Toxicity profile per National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3.0	Defined as adverse events that are classified as either possibly, probably, or definitely related to study treatment. Non-hematologic toxicities will be evaluated via the ordinal Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) standard toxicity grading. Overall toxicity incidence as well as toxicity profiles by dose level, patient and tumor site will be explored and summarized. Frequency distributions, graphical techniques and other descriptive measures will form the basis of these analyses.	Up to 3 months post-treatment
MTD of the combination of everolimus, gemcitabine hydrochloride, and cisplatin	Toxicity assessed by NCI CTCAE v3.0.	3 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Response profile	Best response is defined to be the best objective status recorded from the start of the treatment until disease progression/recurrence (taking as reference for progressive disease the smallest measurements recorded since the treatment started). The modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria will be used for tumor evaluation. Responses will be summarized by simple descriptive summary statistics delineating complete and partial responses as well as stable and progressive disease in this patient population (overall and by tumor group).	Up to 5 years
Timed endpoints	The data on time-related variables will be summarized descriptively. These include time until any treatment related toxicity, time until treatment related grade 3+ toxicity, time until hematologic nadirs (white blood cells [WBC], ANC, platelets), time to progression and time to treatment failure, where time to treatment failure is defined as the time from registration to documentation of progression, unacceptable toxicity, or refusal to continue participation by the patient.	Up to 5 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Mayo Clinic
• Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Brian Costello, Mayo Clinic

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: September 1, 2009
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 1, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): July 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 30, 2009
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 30, 2009
• First Posted (Estimate): July 31, 2009

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): January 12, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 11, 2017
• Last Verified: January 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Digestive System Neoplasms; Gallbladder Diseases; Biliary Tract Diseases; Biliary Tract Neoplasms; Cholangiocarcinoma; Gallbladder Neoplasms; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Infective Agents; Antiviral Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Gemcitabine; Everolimus
• Other Study ID Numbers: MC0812 (Other Identifier: Mayo Clinic); P30CA015083 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); NCI-2009-01151 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program)); 09-000809