Exercise Effects on Insulin, Gut Peptides, and Appetite (XFG)

The Exercise Effects on Appetite and Gut Peptides While on High-fat Diet

Determine whether the mid-day suppression of hunger and amplified increase in the release of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) following morning exercise is due to increased fat content of the diet per se or a combination of high fat diet after morning exercise. The action of gut peptides, particularly GLP-1, on gastric emptying is likely to be important in mediating its effects on postprandial appetite and glycemia (Nauck et al. 1997). Our hypothesis is that exercise amplifies gut peptide secretion when diet is enriched with fat, and that this stimulus suppresses the hunger sensation.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Endocrine and Metabolic Responses to Exercise and Diets
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Exercise and diets

Detailed Description

Specific aim: Determine whether a change in macronutrient composition from 60% carbohydrate and 25% fat to 30% carbohydrate and 45% fat is responsible by itself for suppression of hunger and increased secretory response of glucose-dependent insulinotropic hormone (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), or whether these changes depend on preceding exercise. We will measure (a) concentrations of plasma GIP and GLP-1 by chemiluminescent multiplex assay, (b) concentrations of plasma ancetaminophen to assess the gastric emptying rate, (c) concentrations of plasma insulin, and glucagon by radioimmunoassay, and glucose, ketone bodies, and free fatty acids with appropriate spectrophotometric methods, (d) hourly appetite responses with visual analog scale under two conditions: sedentary (SED) and exercise (EX).

Hypothesis: Hunger suppression and secretion of GIP and GLP-1 after the morning meal will be greater with slower gastric emptying rate when a meal consisting of 45% fat and 30% carbohydrate follows three hours after a 2-hour bout of moderate-intensity exercise than in the absence of exercise.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 16
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Michigan
    • Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109
      • Michigan Clinical Research Unit

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 50 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Postmenopausal status
• Age 50 to 65 years
• BMI between 20 and 30 kg/m2.
• Good health status (normotensive, fasting glucose < 100 mg/dl, , hematocrit > 32%, hemoglobin >12 mg/dl)
• Absence of restricted food intake
• Absence of endocrine and metabolic disorders requiring medication other than hormonally corrected hypothyroidism
• Absence of musculoskeletal disabilities that would prevent walking

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of endocrine and metabolic disease requiring medication, other than hormonally corrected hypothyroidism
• Presence of musculoskeletal disabilities that would prevent walking
• Smoking
• Active dieting
• Absence of listed inclusion criteria
• Unwillingness to follow study protocol.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Exercise-high-fat diet; Two bouts of exercise followed by a high-fat meal	Other: Exercise and diets; Exercise and high-fat diet Exercise and high-carbohydrate diet Sedentary and high-fat diet Sedentary and high-carbohydrate diet
Experimental: Exercise-high-carbohydrate diet; Two bouts of exercise followed by a high-carbohydrate meal	Other: Exercise and diets; Exercise and high-fat diet Exercise and high-carbohydrate diet Sedentary and high-fat diet Sedentary and high-carbohydrate diet
Experimental: Sedentary-high-fat diet; Sedentary trial with two high-fat meals	Other: Exercise and diets; Exercise and high-fat diet Exercise and high-carbohydrate diet Sedentary and high-fat diet Sedentary and high-carbohydrate diet
Experimental: Sedentary-high-carbohydrate diet; Sedentary trial with two high-carbohydrate meals	Other: Exercise and diets; Exercise and high-fat diet Exercise and high-carbohydrate diet Sedentary and high-fat diet Sedentary and high-carbohydrate diet

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Plasma insulin concentration	Change in plasma insulin to two bouts of exercise followed by a high-carbohydrate or a high fat diet	36 hours
Plasma glucagon concentration	Changes in plasma glucagon concentration to two bouts of exercise followed by either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat meal	36 hours
Plasma concentration of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)	Changes in plasma concentration of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)to two bouts of exercise followed by either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat meal	36 hours
Plasma concentration of free fatty acids	Changes in plasma concentration of free fatty acidsto two bouts of exercise followed by either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat meal	36 hours
Plasma concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate	Changes in plasma concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate to two bouts of exercise followed by either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat meal	36 hours
Plasma glucose concentration	Changes in plasma glucose concentration to two bouts of exercise followed by either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat meal	36 hours
daytime hourly appetite ratings	Changes in daytime hourly appetite ratings to two bouts of exercise followed by either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat meal	36 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)	Changes in plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)to two bouts of exercise followed by either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat meal	36 hours
Plasma concentrations of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)	Changes in plasma concentrations of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) to two bouts of exercise followed by either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat meal	36 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Michigan
• Collaborators: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Katarina Borer, PhD, University of Michigan

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: November 1, 2010
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 1, 2012
• Study Completion (Actual): March 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 26, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 28, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): July 3, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): June 13, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 10, 2016
• Last Verified: June 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: exercise; appetite; insulin; metabolism; glucose; high carbohydrate and high fat diets; gut peptides
• Other Study ID Numbers: R15DK082800-XFG; R15DK082800 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)