Effects of Message Content on Intention to Quit Smoking

Effects of Message Content on Intention to Quit Smoking in Smokers With Peripheral Artery Disease - a Randomised Controlled Trial

Message framing involves "the presentation of choice alternatives, either in a positive or negative manner" (Huber, Neale, & Northcraft, 1987; p.137). Positively framed health messages contain potential gains of participating/refraining in specific health behaviour. Alternatively, negatively framed health messages contain potential losses of participating/refraining in specific health behaviour (Verlhiac, Chappe, & Meyer, 2011). The primary aim and rationale of this study will be to investigate which type of framing has the greatest effect on intentions to quit smoking in patients with vascular arterial disease. The secondary aim is to investigate what other factors may have an effect on intention to quit and also what factors play a part in a patient's intention to quit smoking.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Peripheral Artery Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Gains Framed Message; Behavioral: Loss Framed Message

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 17
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • Falkirk
    • Larbert, Falkirk, United Kingdom, FK5 4WR
      • Forth Valley Royal Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Peripheral Artery Disease
• daily smoker

Exclusion Criteria:

• psychiatric illness or those who are not literate in English will be excluded from the study as informed consent cannot be obtained. Also, patients who are already participating in any other research involving smoking cessation will be excluded

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Gains Framed Message; gains framed visual fridge magnet and information sheet about smoking cessation (benefits of quitting smoking)	Behavioral: Gains Framed Message
Experimental: Loss Framed Message; loss framed visual fridge magnet and information sheet about smoking cessation (losses of continued smoking)	Behavioral: Loss Framed Message

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Intention to quit smoking	Intention to quit smoking will be assessed by measuring the strength of the individual's intention with a mean score being calculated from the 3 questions asked. This will generate a score between 1 and 7 with a higher score indicating a higher intention to quit smoking. This measure has been used and reviewed in previous research (Francis et al, 2004).	up to 3 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Stage of Change - smoking cessation	Secondly, the Stage of Change (SOC) of intention will be measured, with higher scores indicating a greater intention to quit smoking. The corresponding scores will identify the SOC (1 =pre-contemplation, 2 = contemplation, 3 = preparation, 4 = action). This measure has been adapted from a previous study which investigated stages of change in relation to smoking cessation (Fathelrahman et al. 2009).	baseline and 3 weeks
Nicotine Dependence	Nicotine dependency will be measured using the standardised Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTNP: Heatherton, Kozlowski, Frecker, & Fagerstrom, 1991)	Baseline and 3 weeks
Outcome expectancy beliefs	Expectancy beliefs will be measured using a 10-item questionnaire which has been adapted from the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) assessment tools (Schwarzer, 2007) by making the questions relevant to the specific patient group. The questionnaire is comprised of two sub-scales: positive outcome expectancies (items 1, 3, 4, 6, 9) and negative outcome expectancies (items 2, 5, 7, 8, 10). Each subscale sum scores will range from 5-20.	Baseline and 3 weeks
Self efficacy	Self-efficacy to quit smoking will be measured using a 10-item scale which has been previously used in a study investigating self-efficacy influences on the effects of framing in smoking cessation (Riet, Ruiter, Werrij, & de Vries, 2008). Sum scores will range from 10 to 70 with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy to quit smoking.	Baseline and 3 weeks
Risk Perception	Risk perception of smoking will be measured using a 5-item questionnaire. The items are similar to that used in a previous study (Clarke and Aish, 2002), however the questions have been adapted to increase the relevance for vascular arterial patients. Sum scores will range from 5-35 with higher scores indicating a greater risk perception in regards to smoking.	baseline and 3 weeks
Health locus of control	Health locus of control will be measured using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale - Form C (MHLC; Wallston, Stein & Smith, 1994).	baseline and 3 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Stirling
• Collaborators: NHS Forth Valley

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: May 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 1, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): August 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 12, 2014
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 13, 2014
• First Posted (Estimate): May 14, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): December 8, 2014
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 5, 2014
• Last Verified: December 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: smoking cessation; peripheral artery disease; message framing
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Atherosclerosis; Peripheral Vascular Diseases; Peripheral Arterial Disease
• Other Study ID Numbers: CUNN-001-RCT