THE EFFECTS OF HPV VACCİNATİON AND MESSAGE FRAMİNG

May 22, 2026 updated by: Tuğba Tahta, Ankara Medipol University

THE EFFECT OF GAIN AND LOSS FRAMING MESSAGES ON RISK PERCEPTION AND KNOWLEDGE LEVELS REGARDING HPV VACCINATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Background: University students are at high risk for HPV infection, while HPV vaccination rates remain low. Message framing strategies may influence vaccination-related perceptions and intentions.

Objective: This study aims to compare the effects of gain- and loss-framed HPV vaccination messages on HPV risk perception, HPV knowledge, and vaccination intention among university students.

Methods: This randomized controlled experimental study includes university students from the health sciences faculty of a foundation university. Participants are assigned to gain-framed, loss-framed, and control groups. Data are collected using the Human Papillomavirus Knowledge Scale and the HPV Risk Perception Questionnaire. Statistical analyses include one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Chi-square tests. The study is designed in accordance with CONSORT 2010 and EQUATOR Network reporting guidelines.

Keywords: message framing; gain-loss framing; human papillomavirus; vaccination

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This randomized controlled experimental study examines the effects of gain- and loss-framed HPV vaccination messages on university students' HPV knowledge, risk perception, and vaccination intention. A total of 927 university students were assigned to gain-framed, loss-framed, and control groups. The study evaluates the relationship between message framing and vaccination-related outcomes among university students.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

177

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Ankara
      • Ankara, Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye), 06000
        • Ankara Medipol Üniversitesi

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged 18 years or older
  • Voluntarily agrees to participate in the study
  • Has not received formal education about HPV through a course or class

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Has received the HPV vaccine
  • Has participated in formal education about HPV through a course or class
  • Has a current or previous positive HPV test result or HPV diagnosis

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Gain-Framed Group
Participants received gain-framed HPV vaccination messages.
Behavioral: Gain-Framed HPV Vaccination Message
Participants received gain-framed messages emphasizing the benefits of HPV vaccination.
Experimental: Loss-Framed Group
Participants received loss-framed HPV vaccination messages.
Behavioral: Loss-Framed HPV Vaccination Message
Participants received loss-framed messages emphasizing the consequences of not receiving HPV vaccination.
No Intervention: Control Group
Participants did not receive framed HPV vaccination messages.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
HPV vaccination intention
Time Frame: Immediately after message exposure
Participant intention to receive the HPV vaccine measured immediately after message exposure using a self-reported vaccination intention scale.
Immediately after message exposure

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Ankara Medipol University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

October 16, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

January 25, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

January 25, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

May 18, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 22, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

May 29, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

May 29, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 22, 2026

Last Verified

May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • AMU-EBE-2025-173 (Other Identifier: Ankara Medipol University Clinical Research Ethics Committee)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be publicly shared in order to protect participant confidentiality and privacy.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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