An Observational Case Control Study to Identify the Role of MV and MV Derived Micro-RNA in Post CArdiac Surgery AKI (MaRACAS)

An Observational Case Control Study to Identify the Role of MV and MV Derived Micro-RNA in Post CArdiac Surgery Acute Kidney Injury: The MaRACAS Study

Acute kidney injury (AKI) complicates over 25% of cardiac surgical procedures where it increases mortality up to fourfold. The incidence of AKI is increasing, the pathogenesis is poorly understood, current diagnostic tests lack specificity and sensitivity, and there is no effective treatment. Improving outcomes in patients at risk of AKI has recently been defined as an NHS priority. The primary aim of this study is to determine how plasma derived microvesicles (MV) or more specifically MV associated microRNAs (miRNA) regulate survival and signalling in post cardiac surgery AKI. The study involves a clinical and experimental research project that will combine laboratory analyses of circulating MV and miRNA from clinical studies. The study will specifically consider how MV and miRNA alter inflammatory signaling in kidneys after cardiac surgery, how these are modified by important clinical risk factors, and whether they may serve as early biomarkers of injury.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Acute Kidney Injury
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: This is an observational Study

Detailed Description

AKI is characterised by upregulation of competing pro-survival and pro- inflammatory/ apoptotic signaling pathways whereby processes associated with renal recovery; tubular epithelial phenotypic change and proliferation occur simultaneously with those associated with diminished GFR, vascular inflammation, tubular dysfunction and epithelial apoptosis. Protection from AKI can be achieved by altering the balance of these pathways; for example upregulation of the pivotal phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase - serine-threonine protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) pro-survival pathway following the administration of erythropoietin or insulin like growth factor inhibits experimental AKI following renal ischaemia and reperfusion in rodents and swine. In our own work we have shown that post cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) AKI in swine can be prevented by the administration of either a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor which promotes cell survival and endothelial homeostasis via augmentation of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) signalling, or by the inhibition of endothelin-1 (ET-1), an important pro-inflammatory mediator and promoter of oxidative stress in renal injury How these competing pathways are regulated in patients at risk of AKI is poorly understood however, and it is our belief that the identification of these processes will facilitate the development of new and effective prevention and treatment strategies for AKI and improved outcomes for patients

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 96

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • Leicestershire
    • Leicester, Leicestershire, United Kingdom, LE3 9QP
      • Department of Cardiovascular Sciences.

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study will be carried out at a large tertiary academic cardiac surgery unit in the UK; the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust. This unit performs over 1,200 major cardiac procedures per year, of which 300 are expected to develop acute kidney injury.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adult cardiac surgery patients (>16 years) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or valve surgery with moderately hypothermic CPB (32-34°C) blood cardioplegia.
2. Identified as being at increased risk for AKI from a modified risk score.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with pre-existing inflammatory state: sepsis undergoing treatment, acute kidney injury within 5 days, chronic inflammatory disease, congestive heart failure,
2. Emergency or salvage procedure,
3. Ejection fraction <30 %,
4. Patient in a critical preoperative state (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Stage 3 AKI or requiring ionotropes, ventilation or intra-aortic balloon pump).
5. Pregnancy.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
AKI defined according to the KDIGO criteria or by urine NGAL levels >150nmol/mg at 6 hours postoperatively.	2 Years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Data on demographics, perioperative clinical characteristics and medications.	2 Years
MV will be isolated from arterial blood samples collected prior to anaesthetic induction, at chest closure and at 6 and 24 hours postoperatively, and characterised using flow cytometry and NanoSight LM10 (Nanosight, London, UK).	2 Years
Likely sources of MV will also be evaluated; Platelet and monocyte activation and aggregation will be determined by flow cytometry, endothelial activation will be determined by ELISA measurement of circulating ICAM and E-selectin in serum.	2 Years
MV associated miRNA profiles will be determined using microarray in patients with AKI (n=6 diabetic, n=6 non diabetic) and a matched control group (n=6 diabetic, n=6 non diabetic) without AKI.	2 Years
The systemic inflammatory response will be quantified by measurement of serum IL-8 and IL-6.	2 Years
Renal inflammation will be determined by urine Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and Liver type- Fatty Acid Binding Protein (L-FABP) measured at baseline, and then at 6 and 24 hours postoperatively.	2 Years
MV and MV associated miRNA signaling will be evaluated ex vivo in a micro fluidics model.	2 Years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Leicester
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Gavin Murphy, Prof, University of Leicester

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 1, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): March 1, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 9, 2014
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 9, 2014
• First Posted (Estimated): December 11, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 16, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 14, 2024
• Last Verified: December 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Post cardiac surgery
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Kidney Diseases; Urologic Diseases; Renal Insufficiency; Female Urogenital Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Urogenital Diseases; Male Urogenital Diseases; Acute Kidney Injury
• Other Study ID Numbers: 0419