The Influence of Glucose Flux on Fat Synthesis in a Whole Body Calorimeter

The Impact of a Low Glycaemic Index (GI) Diet on Daily Blood Glucose Profiles and Energy Flux in Male Chinese Adults.

The study is carried out to find out the inclusion of high and low glycaemic index foods to daily meals and how they impact 24 hour blood glucose fluctuations and energy regulation.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Prediabetes
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Breakfast, lunch, snack and dinner

Detailed Description

The GI is a method of classifying foods based on the food's ability to raise the blood glucose level. Low GI foods are recommended as they have a lower impact on blood glucose concentrations. The research sets out to determine the effect of GI on 24 hour blood glucose profiles and energy regulation in Asians. Healthy, normal-weight, Chinese males will be recruited. There will be two sessions (consisting of four days for each session) where they will consume either a high or low GI breakfast, lunch, snack (in the whole body calorimeter), and a high or low glycaemic index dinner at home. They will take part in two test sessions (each spanning over 3 days) with at least five days in between the two sessions. Their glycaemic response will be measured using a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) throughout the period, while substrate oxidation will be measured over 10 hours in the calorimeter (from breakfast, lunch and snack). This study specifically attempts to see how having high and low GI meals impact on blood glucose levels and energy regulation in Asians. The study is important in that it will be the first of its kind in the whole body calorimeter and enable us to compute the rate of fat synthesis and how it is modulated when subjects are fed a high GI diet (increased glucose excursions) and a low GI diet ( blunted glucose) over 24 hours in healthy Asians. Obesity and diabetes rates are increasing exponentially in Asian populations and Singapore is no exception. Devising ways and means to staunch the escalation is therefore a priority. The findings of the research will contribute towards the long-term objectives of developing Asian specific dietary guidelines for weight and glycaemic control. The study data will also be important for the provision of practical food-based advocacy for better weight and glycaemic control in Singaporeans.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 15
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 21 years to 40 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Chinese, male
• Age between 21-40 years
• Body mass index between 17 to 25 kg/m2
• Normal blood pressure (<140/80 Hgmm)
• Fasting blood glucose < 6 mmol/L

Exclusion Criteria:

• Having any metabolic diseases (such as diabetes, hypertension etc)
• On prescription medication
• Having glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)
• Partaking in sports at the competitive and/or endurance levels
• Allergic/intolerant to any of the test foods
• Intentionally restricting food intake
• Smoking

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Breakfast, lunch, snack and dinner (high GI); Subjects will consume meals which are high glycemic index for breakfast (Honey stars cereal), lunch (glutinous rice meal) and snack (white bread and jam) in the whole body calorimeter. A take-away high glycemic index dinner will be provided.	Other: Breakfast, lunch, snack and dinner; These meals (cereal, rice and bread meals) will be tested in subjects for their glycaemic response (CGMS) and substrate utilization (calorimeter)
Experimental: Breakfast, lunch, snack and dinner (low GI); Subjects will consume meals which are low glycemic index for breakfast (All bran cereal), lunch (basmati rice meal) and snack (multigrain bread and sugar-free jam) in the whole body calorimeter. A take-away low glycemic index dinner will be provided.	Other: Breakfast, lunch, snack and dinner; These meals (cereal, rice and bread meals) will be tested in subjects for their glycaemic response (CGMS) and substrate utilization (calorimeter)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Daily blood glucose profile	The daily total blood glucose response is measured for each low and high GI treatment as the area under the curve over 24 hours using CGMS for breakfast, lunch, snack and dinner.	24 hours
Glycaemic response The blood glucose response to low and high GI test foods measured 2 hours post consumption using the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS)	The blood glucose response to low and high GI test foods measured 2 hours post consumption using the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS) The blood glucose response to low and high GI test foods measured 2 hours post consumption using the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS)	2 hours post consumption
Substrate oxidation	The carbohydrate and fat oxidation (i.e Respiratory Quotient) after consumption of low and high GI test foods measured 2 hours post consumption using indirect calorimetry in a whole body calorimeter. This is done over 10 hours in the whole body calorimeter measured for breakfast, lunch and snack only	2 hours post consumption

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Camps SG, Kaur B, Quek RYC, Henry CJ. Does the ingestion of a 24 hour low glycaemic index Asian mixed meal diet improve glycaemic response and promote fat oxidation? A controlled, randomized cross-over study. Nutr J. 2017 Jul 12;16(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s12937-017-0258-1.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 14, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 31, 2017
• Study Completion (Actual): July 31, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 11, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 11, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): December 15, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 2, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 1, 2017
• Last Verified: August 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Prediabetic State
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2014/00960

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: No plan to share data