Palatability (Energy I Pilot)

Palatability of Meals That Vary in Fat and Energy Density. A Pilot Study to the Behavioral Response to Short-Term (Two Day) Positive Energy Balance Through Overfeeding (ENERGY I)

A pilot study was conducted to develop the study menus that were similar in appearance, aroma, and taste.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Energy Density
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Breakfast (1-2 hours, in the morning); Other: Lunch (1-2 Hours, at midday); Other: Dinner (1-2 hours, in the afternoon)

Detailed Description

The aim of the pilot study was to test for differences in palatability ratings of the four menus that will be administered during the ENERGY I project. During the pilot study, palatability ratings were collected for each meal (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) from four different menus that were served to participants during the main ENERGY I trial. The menus consist of three diets that vary in dietary fat and energy density: 1) high fat/high energy density, 2) high fat/low energy density, and 3) high carbohydrate/low energy density. In addition to these three menus, the menu from the baseline period of the trial will also be tested for palatability.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 16
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Louisiana
    • Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States, 70808
      • Pennington Biomedical Research Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 50 years (ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• You are between the ages of 18 and 50, inclusive, if you are a male or between the ages of 18 and 45, inclusive, if you are a female.
• your body mass index (BMI) is between 25 and 30 kg/m2, inclusive
• For females, if you have regular menstrual periods, with no less than 28 day cycles.

Exclusion Criteria:

• you have a chronic disease that affects body weight, appetite, or metabolism, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
• You use prescriptions or over-the-counter medications or herbal products that affect metabolism or body weight (e.g. weight loss medications such as sibutramine, or orlistat).
• You have symptoms of depression or excessive dietary restraint.
• You have an allergy to one or more of the test foods.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: CROSSOVER
• Masking: SINGLE

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Pilot Group 1; Each Participant completed taste tests at breakfast, lunch and dinner consisting of the 4 menus (baseline, high fat-high energy density, high fat-low energy density, and high carbohydrate-low energy density).	Other: Breakfast (1-2 hours, in the morning); You will be required to taste small portions (1 to 2 bites) of 4 different breakfast meals. You will be asked to reate the taste after each meal. Meals will vary in fat and energy density, and will consist of two high fat diets and a high carbohydrate diet. Energy density is the ammount of enregy of kilocalories in one gram of the food.; Other: Lunch (1-2 Hours, at midday); You will be required to taste small portions of 4 different lunch meals. You will be asked to reate the taste after each meal. Meals will vary in fat and energy density, and will consist of two high fat diets and a high carbohydrate diet. Energy densityis the ammount of enregy of kilocalories in one gram of the food.; Other: Dinner (1-2 hours, in the afternoon); You will be required to taste small portions of 4 different dinner meals. You will be asked to reate the taste after each meal. Meals will vary in fat and energy density, and will consist of two high fat diets and a high carbohydrate diet. Energy densityis the ammount of enregy of kilocalories in one gram of the food.
EXPERIMENTAL: Pilot Group 2; Each Participant completed taste tests at breakfast, lunch and dinner consisting of the 4 menus (baseline, high fat-high energy density, high fat-low energy density, and high carbohydrate-low energy density).	Other: Breakfast (1-2 hours, in the morning); You will be required to taste small portions (1 to 2 bites) of 4 different breakfast meals. You will be asked to reate the taste after each meal. Meals will vary in fat and energy density, and will consist of two high fat diets and a high carbohydrate diet. Energy density is the ammount of enregy of kilocalories in one gram of the food.; Other: Lunch (1-2 Hours, at midday); You will be required to taste small portions of 4 different lunch meals. You will be asked to reate the taste after each meal. Meals will vary in fat and energy density, and will consist of two high fat diets and a high carbohydrate diet. Energy densityis the ammount of enregy of kilocalories in one gram of the food.; Other: Dinner (1-2 hours, in the afternoon); You will be required to taste small portions of 4 different dinner meals. You will be asked to reate the taste after each meal. Meals will vary in fat and energy density, and will consist of two high fat diets and a high carbohydrate diet. Energy densityis the ammount of enregy of kilocalories in one gram of the food.
EXPERIMENTAL: Pilot Group 3; Each Participant completed taste tests at breakfast, lunch and dinner consisting of the 4 menus (baseline, high fat-high energy density, high fat-low energy density, and high carbohydrate-low energy density).	Other: Breakfast (1-2 hours, in the morning); You will be required to taste small portions (1 to 2 bites) of 4 different breakfast meals. You will be asked to reate the taste after each meal. Meals will vary in fat and energy density, and will consist of two high fat diets and a high carbohydrate diet. Energy density is the ammount of enregy of kilocalories in one gram of the food.; Other: Lunch (1-2 Hours, at midday); You will be required to taste small portions of 4 different lunch meals. You will be asked to reate the taste after each meal. Meals will vary in fat and energy density, and will consist of two high fat diets and a high carbohydrate diet. Energy densityis the ammount of enregy of kilocalories in one gram of the food.; Other: Dinner (1-2 hours, in the afternoon); You will be required to taste small portions of 4 different dinner meals. You will be asked to reate the taste after each meal. Meals will vary in fat and energy density, and will consist of two high fat diets and a high carbohydrate diet. Energy densityis the ammount of enregy of kilocalories in one gram of the food.
EXPERIMENTAL: Pilot Group 4; Each Participant completed taste tests at breakfast, lunch and dinner consisting of the 4 menus (baseline, high fat-high energy density, high fat-low energy density, and high carbohydrate-low energy density).	Other: Breakfast (1-2 hours, in the morning); You will be required to taste small portions (1 to 2 bites) of 4 different breakfast meals. You will be asked to reate the taste after each meal. Meals will vary in fat and energy density, and will consist of two high fat diets and a high carbohydrate diet. Energy density is the ammount of enregy of kilocalories in one gram of the food.; Other: Lunch (1-2 Hours, at midday); You will be required to taste small portions of 4 different lunch meals. You will be asked to reate the taste after each meal. Meals will vary in fat and energy density, and will consist of two high fat diets and a high carbohydrate diet. Energy densityis the ammount of enregy of kilocalories in one gram of the food.; Other: Dinner (1-2 hours, in the afternoon); You will be required to taste small portions of 4 different dinner meals. You will be asked to reate the taste after each meal. Meals will vary in fat and energy density, and will consist of two high fat diets and a high carbohydrate diet. Energy densityis the ammount of enregy of kilocalories in one gram of the food.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Palatability	The aim of the study is to test for differences in palatability rats of four menus that will be administered during the ENERGY I project. During the pilot study, weill will collect palatability ratings for each menu (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) from four different menus that will be served to participants during the main trial. The menus consist of three diets and baseline. that vary in dietary fat and energy density : 1) high fat/high energy density, 2) hgih fat/low energy density, and 3) high carbohydrate/low energy density.	2 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Pennington Biomedical Research Center

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Apolzan JW, Bray GA, Hamilton MT, Zderic TW, Han H, Champagne CM, Shepard D, Martin CK. Short-term overeating results in incomplete energy intake compensation regardless of energy density or macronutrient composition. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014 Jan;22(1):119-30. doi: 10.1002/oby.20587. Epub 2013 Sep 10.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: October 1, 2010
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): February 1, 2011
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): April 1, 2011

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 26, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 30, 2012
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): July 31, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE): February 4, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 3, 2016
• Last Verified: February 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Taste; Palatability
• Other Study ID Numbers: PBRC 10017-P