Development and Validation of the Periodontal Aesthetic Perception Scale in Patients With Periodontal Problems

Aesthetics for individuals become increasingly important, while the aesthetic effects of periodontal disease is an important issue that should be assessed by the patient's perception.

The results demonstrate that the periodontal aesthetic perception scale showed reliable and valid scores in healthy controls and periodontal patients.

The periodontal aesthetic perception scale may be an appropriate tool to assess periodontal esthetic in clinical and research settings.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Gingival Recession; Gingival Enlargement
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Periodontal Aesthetic Perception Scale

Detailed Description

Aim: The aim of this study is to develop and validate a periodontal aesthetic specific tool to assess aesthetic conditions perceived by patients with periodontal problems.

Methods: With patient interviews were identified a total of 22 statements that describe the non-aesthetic gingival appearance. These 22 items were reviewed by the dentists and then Periodontologists and the number of items in the survey was reduced to 7. Subsequently, three groups of patients were included in the study: Gingival recession (GR) group, gingival enlargement (GE) group and periodontal healthy (H) group. Consequently, the validity and reliability of the periodontal aesthetic perception scale (PAPS) were examined.

Results: According to the results of the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), 1 item was removed from the scale. The final 6-item questionnaire was shown to have a two-domain structure. Cronbach's alpha for the whole scale was .766. The interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) values were between 0.98 and 1.00, demonstrating excellent agreement. Overall, these findings indicated that the PAPS has good reliability.

Conclusion: This reliable, valid and short questionnaire specific to aesthetic conditions perceived by patients with periodontal problems may serve as a valued instrument in future clinical trials.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 100

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Tokat, Turkey, 60250
    • Gaziosmanpasa University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients who fulfilled the criteria for inclusion presenting at the periodontology clinic were asked to participate in the study and those agreeing to interview were asked how and what aesthetically disturbing symptoms in their gingiva.

Description

Inclusion criteria for gingival recession group:

- The presence of gingival recession (Miller Class I, II, III, or IV) in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth.

Inclusion criteria for gingival enlargement group:

-The presence of gingival enlargement (Grade 0, I, II, III, or IV) in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth.

Exclusion Criteria for all groups:

• The presence of prosthesis, tooth loss or caries in the anterior teeth
• The precence of the psychological or systemic disease

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Gingival recession (GR) group; GR group answered the self-reported 7-item questionnaire for Periodontal aesthetic perception scale	Other: Periodontal Aesthetic Perception Scale; Patients answered the self-reported 7-item questionnaire for Periodontal aesthetic perception scale
Gingival enlargement (GE) group; GE group answered the self-reported 7-item questionnaire for Periodontal aesthetic perception scale.	Other: Periodontal Aesthetic Perception Scale; Patients answered the self-reported 7-item questionnaire for Periodontal aesthetic perception scale
periodontal healthy (H) group; H group answered the self-reported 7-item questionnaire for Periodontal aesthetic perception scale.	Other: Periodontal Aesthetic Perception Scale; Patients answered the self-reported 7-item questionnaire for Periodontal aesthetic perception scale

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Validity of PAPS	The KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) test produced a value of 0.80, which was greater than the recommended threshold value of 0.50.	6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
• Investigators: Study Director: Ozge Gokturk, Study Principal Investigator

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Slade GD, Spencer AJ. Development and evaluation of the Oral Health Impact Profile. Community Dent Health. 1994 Mar;11(1):3-11.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 2, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 1, 2017
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 12, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 12, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): February 19, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 19, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 16, 2018
• Last Verified: February 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: aesthetic; validity; reliability; development; periodontal
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Stomatognathic Diseases; Periodontal Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Gingival Diseases; Periodontal Atrophy; Gingival Recession; Gingival Hyperplasia; Gingival Hypertrophy; Gingival Overgrowth
• Other Study ID Numbers: 17-KAEK-131

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED
• IPD Plan Description: It is not yet known if there will be a plan to make IPD available.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No