Music Therapy Versus Control for Total Knee Arthroplasty

Music Therapy Versus Control During Total Knee Replacement Under Spinal Anesthesia

For millennia, people have listened to and enjoyed music for entertainment, as a distraction from daily troubles, and as a means to relax and relieve stress. It is no real surprise that the relaxing and stress-relieving effects of music have been shown in patients having surgery. For patients having surgery with spinal anesthesia, music therapy during the operation decreases sedation requirements, anxiety and may improve patient satisfaction. Music therapy during surgery may also lead to a decreased stress response, as evidenced by more stable cortisol levels. Studies done previously have included patients undergoing various surgical procedures, however no studies have been done specifically for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Because total knee arthroplasty is a common procedure usually done under spinal anesthesia at our institution, we would like to study the effects music therapy could have on our patient population.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Music Therapy

Detailed Description

A. Patients who consent to the study will be randomized 1:1 to either the investigational group ("Music Therapy" group) or the control group ("No Music" group). Participants will be randomized using a random number generator.

B. Consent and study enrollment will occur in the preoperative area prior to surgery. After enrollment, all patients will complete a State-Trait Anxiety Assessment. Patients in the "Music Therapy" group will be asked to choose a genre of calming music that they would like to listen to during the operation (instrumental, jazz, classical). All patients enrolled in the study will continue to receive routine preoperative care but will also have a baseline cortisol level drawn. This blood draw will be compared to a cortisol level at the end of surgery to assess the patient's physiologic stress response to surgery.

a. After proceeding to the operating room, all patients will receive routine preoperative care during placement of spinal anesthesia. In addition to monitors routinely placed prior to spinal block, a Bi-Spectral Index monitor will be placed on the patient's forehead to monitor sedation levels during the procedure. A Bi-Spectral Index monitor is a noninvasive series of patches placed on the patient's forehead that, through a propriety equation creates a number (1-100) from processed electroencephalography waves that correlates with depth of sedation or anesthesia. After the spinal anesthetic block is placed, the patients in the "Music Therapy" group will wear headphones that will play their pre-selected music. The "No Music" group will receive intraoperative standard of care with no headphones. Headphones will be worn by the "Music Therapy" patients until the procedure is finished (skin incision is closed).

C. During the procedure, routine intraoperative sedation consisting of propofol, fentanyl and midazolam will be administered. All patients will be given 1 mg midazolam, 50 mcg fentanyl and propofol dosing titrated to maintain a Bi-Spectral Index level <70, which correlates to moderate sedation.9

D. At the end of the surgical procedure (within 30 minutes of incision closure), a serum cortisol level will be drawn to assess the physiologic stress response to surgery.

E. All patients will receive standard postoperative care in the post-anesthesia care.

F. On postoperative day 1, all patients will again complete a State-Trait Anxiety Assessment. Additionally, patients in the music therapy group will complete a satisfaction survey.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 57
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35294
      • UAB Highlands Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia.
• Patients 18 years of age or older.
• Patients classified by the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class I, II, or III.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any patient not classified as an ASA I, II, or III.
• Patients with hearing impairment, defined by personal endorsement of hearing impairment or use of hearing aids.
• Patients with contraindication to spinal anesthesia.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Music Therapy; Administer music therapy during the operation	Other: Music Therapy; Patients will be administered music therapy during the operation.
No Intervention: Non-Music Therapy; No headphones or music therapy during the operation

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Patient Satisfaction	On a scale of 1-5 (Likert scale) patients were asked to rank their satisfaction with their perioperative care. 1 indicates poor satisfaction, 5 indicates excellent satisfaction. Only patients in the music therapy group were asked for their satisfaction ranking.	Postoperative day 1

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Alabama at Birmingham
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Promil Kukreja, MD, PhD, UAB Department of Anesthesiology

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Kukreja P, Talbott K, MacBeth L, Ghanem E, Sturdivant AB, Woods A, Potter WA, Kalagara H. Effects of Music Therapy During Total Knee Arthroplasty Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. Cureus. 2020 Mar 24;12(3):e7396. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7396.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 8, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 18, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): March 10, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 15, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 15, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): June 26, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 5, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 4, 2021
• Last Verified: November 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: 56789012

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No