Vitamin D Supplementation as a Neoadjuvant for Photodynamic Therapy of Actinic Keratoses

This study is open to individuals with Actinic Keratoses (skin lesions that have the potential to turn into skin cancer), who are receiving photodynamic therapy (PDT) as part of their clinical care. The purpose of this study is to test and demonstrate that vitamin D pre-treatment can enhance PDT efficacy in the treatment of Actinic Keratoses.

Participants will be asked to take vitamin D supplements prior to their standard of care PDT treatment.

Participation in the research will last about 3-4 months.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Actinic Keratosis
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Photodynamic therapy (PDT); Drug: Vitamin D3

Detailed Description

The primary objective of this study is to determine whether acute supplementation (neoadjuvant Vitamin D3), adjusted according to baseline Vitamin D status, can improve the clinical PDT response relative to participants receiving PDT alone

The secondary objective of this study is to determine whether gene polymorphisms in VDR and CYP27B1 are predictive for the degree of responsiveness to Vitamin D as a neoadjuvant for PDT.

This study is a non-randomized interventional trial, in which the study group will be compared to a baseline cohort of patients from a previous study who received the same regimen of PDT, but without any Vit D. It is anticipated that 30 participants will be involved in this study.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 75
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Ohio
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44195
      • Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer institute, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Actinic keratoses in sufficient numbers (>10) to warrant PDT therapy in the clinic
• Able to understand and willing to sign a written informed consent document

• Female subjects must not become pregnant during the study:

  • The effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (LevulanTM) on the human fetus are unknown. For this reason, women of child-bearing potential must agree to use contraception (double barrier method of birth control or abstinence) prior to study entry, and throughout study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect that she is pregnant while she is participating in this study, she should inform the treating physician immediately.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant or nursing.
• At risk for hypercalcemia (renal disease, sarcoidosis, etc.)
• Using topical retinoids, since these can exacerbate the post-PDT erythema reaction.
• Using any topical treatment on their AKs; must stop at least one month prior.
• Currently undergoing treatment for other cancers with medical or radiation therapy.
• Patients with a known hypersensitivity to 5-aminolevulinic acid or any component of the study material.
• Patients with history of a photosensitivity disease, such as porphyria cutanea tarda.
• Currently participating in another clinical trial.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Vitamin D3 + Photodynamic therapy (PDT); Patients receive Vitamin D3 10,000 IU daily for 5 or 14 days depending on VitD baseline level. They then undergo Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treatment of actinic keratosis.

Drug: Photodynamic therapy (PDT); PDT is a technique that combines a photosensitizing drug and an intense light source to kill tumor cells Noninvasive fluorescence dosimetry may be performed on up to 6 lesions. Levulan Kerastick will be applied to each lesion and left to incubate for 30 minutes. Blue light (Blu-U device, 20 J/cm2, 33 minutes) will be administered.; Drug: Vitamin D3; D3 pills (10,000 IU each) to be taken daily at home, beginning at either day -5 or day -14, as per their assignment Participants will receive a 5-day or 14-day supplementation of Vitamin D10,000 IU depending on their baseline Vitamin D 25 Hydroxy result

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Clinical PDT Response as Measured by Percent Change in AK Lesions From Baseline to 3 Months	Clinical PDT response as measured by the percent change of AK lesions 3 months after treatment Baseline vitamin D (calcidiol) level will be taken for each patient.	3 months after treatment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Correlation Between Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Polymorphisms and Percent Reduction in AK	Whether gene polymorphisms in VDR and CYP27B1 are predictive for the degree of responsiveness (as measured by percent reduction in AK) to Vitamin D as a neoadjuvant for PDT.	3 months after treatment
Number of Participants Reporting 1 or Higher on the Pain Scale	Pain scale recorded on a 0-to-10 visual/analog scale, with higher scores mean more pain; 0 is no pain, 10 is "the worst pain imaginable". Number of participants receiving treatment that reported a pain level greater than 1.	During treatment (at the 5 min mark), and again immediately afterwards.
Tolerability as Measured by Participants' Symptom Score Sheets	Participants are asked to recall the symptoms they experienced during the week following PDT. The study physician asks them whether they had experienced each of the following 13 symptoms (YES/NO), and positive (YES) answers were summed to create a Side Effects Score (SES). The maximum and minimum possible values are 13 and 0 respectively, with a higher score correlating to poorer participant outcomes. The 13 possible side effects were: pain, erythema, scabbing, blistering, erosions, edema, warmth, exfoliation, discharge, hemorrhage, tightness, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation.	1 week after treatment
Accumulation of Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) Within AK	Accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) within AK PpIX accumulation in areas of both actinic damage and normal skin will be measured with a fluorescence dosimeter. The level of calcidiol, a clinically accepted marker of vitamin D status, will be measured in each patient to see if supplementation with 10,000 IU of Vitamin D increase the accumulation	3 months after treatment

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Case Comprehensive Cancer Center

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Bullock TA, Negrey J, Hu B, Warren CB, Hasan T, Maytin EV. Significant improvement of facial actinic keratoses after blue light photodynamic therapy with oral vitamin D pretreatment: An interventional cohort-controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022 Jul;87(1):80-86. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.02.067. Epub 2022 Mar 18.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 13, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 24, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): May 27, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 24, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 24, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): October 25, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 24, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 1, 2022
• Last Verified: June 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Skin Diseases; Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions; Keratosis, Actinic; Keratosis; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Micronutrients; Vitamins; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents; Vitamin D; Cholecalciferol
• Other Study ID Numbers: CASE5619

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: All IPD that underlie results in publication

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: Yes