Patient-provider Decision Aid for HIV Post-exposure Prophylaxis Following Sexual Assault
Pilot Testing of a Patient-provider Decision Aid for HIV Post-exposure Prophylaxis Following Sexual Assault
Study Overview
Detailed Description
HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) decision-making following nonoccupational exposures (e.g. sexual assault, intravenous drug use (IVDU), consensual condomless sex) is a complicated clinical dilemma for patients and providers. HIV PEP is a highly effective course of antiretroviral medications taken for 28 days after an exposure. The estimated cost of lifetime HIV treatment is $326,000,3 and HIV PEP is cost effective for high risk exposures. Each year approximately 300,000 people in the US are sexually assaulted. For those who present for acute medical care following sexual assault, discussing HIV PEP is recommended by the International Association of Forensic Nurses (IAFN), Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, World Health Organization (WHO), and Department of Justice (DOJ).8-10 Despite its efficacy and these recommendations, HIV PEP remains inconsistently offered and initiated in sexual assault patient population.
Patient's must decide to take HIV PEP within 72 hours of an exposure. HIV PEP is not effective when initiated more than 72 hours after a potential exposure. These are not ideal conditions for making complex decisions. Patients report discussions regarding potential HIV exposure following sexual assault can cause an emotional response and asked providers to "do more" regarding explaining the realities of daily HIV PEP. Patients in the investigators' prior and ongoing work described inconsistent provider communication on the need for HIV PEP and lack of clarity regarding HIV risk as main barriers to decision making.
Provider HIV PEP provision patterns indicate important inequities in post-sexual assault HIV PEP patient care. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines include recommendations for HIV PEP following a non-occupational exposure, however there is a large gray area: decisions should be made on a "case-by-case" basis when the HIV status of the source is unknown. This translates into variations in clinical practice. Studies examining providers' behavior in offering HIV PEP to patients following sexual assault indicate they are influenced by factors such as pre-existing relationship between patient and the perpetrator, patient age, patient and perpetrator race, and anticipated patient financial burden. Additionally, in a survey previously conducted by the investigators, Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) program coordinators reported a perception that patients "don't, won't, or can't follow-up" as a key reason for not offering HIV PEP routinely.
While not examined in HIV PEP, decision aids facilitate patient-provider communication and decision making. A 2017 Cochrane review of decision aids found patients who used a decision aid felt more informed about their decision and reported less decisional conflict. Patient-provider communication also improved.
Therefore, the goal of this pilot test a digital, interactive patient-provider HIV PEP decision aid. The decision aid will incorporate five sections of content: 1) key clinical factors input by providers; 2) tailored multimedia-based HIV risk sharing information; 3) standardized multimedia educational messaging regarding the effectiveness, risks, and benefits of HIV PEP; 4) direct comparisons of priorities (e.g., physical well-being - "I want to do everything I can to prevent HIV," privacy - "I don't want others to know about the exposure," or cost - "I can't afford the pills'') completed by patients; and 5) tailored feedback regarding patient priorities for use in shared clinical decision making.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
-
-
District of Columbia
-
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States, 20002
- District of Columbia Forensic Nurse Examiners
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
- Adult
- Older Adult
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- 18 years or older
- seeking care from DCFNE following sexual assault
- able to provide consent and participate in the study in English
- meets CDC criteria for HIV PEP [a) seeking care within 72 hours of potential exposure, b) potential exposure]
Exclusion Criteria:
- <18 years old
- Does not meet CDC criteria for HIV PEP [seeking care >72 hours after assault, assault with minimal/low exposure risk]
- unable to complete study requirements in English
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
- Allocation: N/A
- Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
|---|---|
|
Experimental: decision aid
A digital, interactive patient-provider HIV PEP decision aid.
The decision aid will incorporate five sections of content: 1) key clinical factors input by providers; 2) tailored HIV risk sharing information; 3) standardized multimedia educational messaging regarding the effectiveness, risks, and benefits of HIV PEP; 4) direct comparisons of priorities (e.g., physical well-being - "I want to do everything I can to prevent HIV," privacy - "I don't want others to know about the exposure," or cost - "I can't afford the pills'') completed by patients; and 5) tailored feedback regarding patient priorities for use in shared clinical decision making.
|
A digital, interactive patient-provider HIV PEP decision aid.
The decision aid will incorporate five sections of content: 1) key clinical factors input by providers; 2) tailored HIV risk sharing information; 3) standardized multimedia educational messaging regarding the effectiveness, risks, and benefits of HIV PEP; 4) direct comparisons of priorities (e.g., physical well-being - "I want to do everything I can to prevent HIV," privacy - "I don't want others to know about the exposure," or cost - "I can't afford the pills'') completed by patients; and 5) tailored feedback regarding patient priorities for use in shared clinical decision making.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
|
decisional conflict
Time Frame: immediately post-intervention
|
Modified questions from the Decisional Conflict Scale (O'Connor, 1993; 2010) as a measure of decision process. This scale tests whether using the HIV PEP decision aid helps a patient understand their options. This measure has a test-retest reliability from 0.75 to 0.81 and internal consistency (α) ranging from 0.72 to 0.92. The psychometric properties have been evaluated for the low literacy English version. Scores range from 0 [no decisional conflict] to 100 [very high decisional conflict]. |
immediately post-intervention
|
|
decisional conflict
Time Frame: one month follow up
|
Modified questions from the Decisional Conflict Scale (O'Connor, 1993; 2010) as a measure of decision process. This scale tests whether using the HIV PEP decision aid helps a patient understand their options. This measure has a test-retest reliability from 0.75 to 0.81 and internal consistency (α) ranging from 0.72 to 0.92. The psychometric properties have been evaluated for the low literacy English version. Scores range from 0 [no decisional conflict] to 100 [very high decisional conflict]. |
one month follow up
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
|
HIV PEP acceptance
Time Frame: immediately post-intervention
|
yes or no - patient decision to take or not take HIV PEP
|
immediately post-intervention
|
|
HIV PEP completion
Time Frame: one month follow up
|
Number of days (0-28) of HIV PEP patient completed
|
one month follow up
|
|
HIV PEP knowledge
Time Frame: immediately post-intervention
|
Summary score from 6 items such as: "Within how long after an HIV exposure should PEP be started to prevent HIV?" & "How long do you take PEP?".
Scores range from 0 to 6 based on the number of correct answers.
Higher scores indicate more knowledge of HIV PEP.
Items from Koblin et al. 2018.
|
immediately post-intervention
|
|
HIV PEP knowledge
Time Frame: one month follow up
|
Summary score from 6 items such as: "Within how long after an HIV exposure should PEP be started to prevent HIV?" & "How long do you take PEP?".
Scores range from 0 to 6 based on the number of correct answers.
Higher scores indicate more knowledge of HIV PEP.
Items from Koblin et al. 2018.
|
one month follow up
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Jocelyn Anderson, UAMS
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
- Blood-Borne Infections
- Urogenital Diseases
- Genital Diseases
- Immune System Diseases
- Infections
- RNA Virus Infections
- Virus Diseases
- Communicable Diseases
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- Lentivirus Infections
- Retroviridae Infections
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
- Slow Virus Diseases
- HIV Infections
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
- Investigative Techniques
- Decision Support Techniques
Other Study ID Numbers
- 276376
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
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