VACCINE HESITATION

The Effect of a Web Page Developed on Vaccine Hesitations of Primiparous Mothers on Vaccine Literacy and Vaccine Acceptance: A Randomised Controlled Experimental Study

Vaccination is one of the gold standards in dealing with infectious diseases. The concept of vaccine hesitancy, which emerged with the emergence of vaccines and continues to maintain its place today, is one of the biggest obstacles to vaccination. Various methods have been developed throughout history to deal with this situation. These methods were sometimes carried out by pages created by the state. However, with the emergence of opinions that this method was shared for a purpose, its importance began to be shaken. Anti-vaccine segments sharing their views on social media has led to increased hesitancy towards vaccination. In this context, we aimed to create a resource that can be used in case of vaccine hesitancy by creating a web page where the importance of vaccination for children and the common misconceptions about vaccination are explained based on evidence, as opposed to anti-vaccine pages. We also aimed to examine the impact of this web page we will create on vaccine literacy and vaccine acceptance.

Study Overview

• Status: Enrolling by invitation
• Conditions: VACCINE HESITATION
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: vaccine hesitation training

Detailed Description

Vaccination, which is one of the basic elements of preventive health services, is the most effective, safe and cost-effective health practice in protecting human health and preventing infectious diseases. Vaccination has been recognized as the most effective method for people to cope with infectious diseases. Vaccines protect infants and children against many diseases. Every year, 1 million 700 thousand people die in the world due to vaccine-preventable diseases (Odabaş & Kuzlu Ayyıldız, 2021).

Despite scientific and historical evidence of the safety and effectiveness of vaccines and immunization, some groups are still hesitant and reluctant to accept vaccines and immunization. The concept of vaccine hesitancy was defined by the World Health Organization Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) Vaccine Hesitancy Working Group: "vaccine hesitancy is recognized as the delay or refusal to accept vaccines despite the availability of immunization services". These behaviors include refusal, delay or reluctant acceptance despite active concerns (Etesaminia & Derinpınar, 2021). In our country, since 2010, negative media news about vaccines started to affect families and "vaccine refusal" started to be observed. As of 2015, the rates of vaccine refusal started to increase with the winning of the lawsuit on "obtaining parental consent for vaccine administration". While 183 families refused vaccination in 2011, 980 families in 2013, 5,400 families in 2015, 12,000 families in 2016 and 23,000 families in 2018 refused to vaccinate their children. It is stated that if the number of families refusing vaccines reaches 50 thousand, childhood infectious diseases that have been reduced or eradicated may cause an epidemic (Çıtak & Aksoy, 2020). In this context, scientific studies should be conducted on the effects and side effects of vaccines, and effective communication and trust between parents and health personnel will be one of the most effective ways to eliminate hesitations about vaccination. In addition, the use of mass media and social media in informing and raising public awareness about the results of scientific studies on vaccines and their effects will enable rapid progress in the fight against "anti-vaccination". It is suggested that health personnel should be informed and raised awareness about the subject in order to make parents more aware of vaccine administration, appropriate vaccine counseling services should be provided for families against those who make anti-vaccine discourses, and educational programs can be prepared to increase the level of knowledge of parents about vaccines. (Argın et al., 2022).

Vaccine literacy encompasses the knowledge, motivation and competence to access, understand, evaluate and apply health information in order to make the right health decisions in daily life. Individuals with adequate vaccine literacy accept vaccination as a sine qua non of a functioning health system, undertake the task of vaccine advocacy in every environment they are in, and develop an uncomplicated system to ensure vaccine communication with other people (Şahin & Baran Aksakal, 2022).

In a study, most of the participants stated that they obtained information about vaccines from the internet. Mothers emphasized that they frequently used social media for vaccines and other health issues, and that they were concerned about the information accessed and doubted about vaccines (Çıklar & Döner, 2020). In a study examining the relationship between parents' e-health literacy and confidence in vaccines, it was found that parents' confidence in vaccines decreased as the e-health literacy level increased (Ceylan et al., 2022), while in another study examining the relationship between parents' health literacy and their attitudes and behaviors towards childhood vaccines, it was found that parents' health literacy level was not related to their attitudes and behaviors towards childhood vaccines (Ertuğrul & Albayrak, 2021). In another study conducted with university students, it was found that as the health literacy level of university students increased, their anti-vaccine attitudes decreased (Ertaş & Göde, 2021).

In a study, it was stated that the rate of vaccine refusal has reached serious dimensions, that this rate will increase further if measures are not taken, and that the most important of these measures is education. Therefore, it was reported that it is important to organize trainings on vaccines, especially in family health centers that provide primary health care services, and that active use of the media by health personnel on vaccination and vaccination is also required. at the same time, it was suggested that these trainings can also be done by meeting face to face with parents. as a result, it was reported that parents will be made aware of vaccination and a decrease in the rate of vaccine refusal will be observed (Huseynov, 2021).

In this study, our aim is to examine the effect of a web page developed on vaccine hesitancy of primiparous expectant mothers (pregnant women) on vaccine literacy and vaccine acceptance.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 80
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Van, Turkey
    • Yuzuncu Yıl University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy over 18 years of age
• Primiparity
• Using social media
• Literacy
• Volunteering to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Adolescent pregnancy (under 18 years of age)
• Pregnancy ended in miscarriage or foetal death
• Communication problems
• Having any psychiatric problem
• Having a chronic disease
• Multiparity
• Not volunteering to participate in the study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Arms; the experimental group will be given web page supported training created by the researcher	Behavioral: vaccine hesitation training; Training will be given to primiparous expectant mothers on vaccine hesitation with the support of the web page created by the researcher
No Intervention: Control; there will be no interference

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Vaccine Literacy Scale for Childhood Vaccines	The Vaccine Literacy Scale consists of 3 sub-dimensions and 13 items in total: Functional Health Literacy, Communicative Health Literacy and Critical Health Literacy.	2 monts

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Vaccine Hesitation Scale	The vaccine hesitancy scale consists of 10 items. Items 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 contain positive statements, while items 5, 9 and 10 contain negative statements. While the level of vaccine hesitancy decreases as the degrees given by the participants to the positive statements increase, the level of vaccine hesitancy increases as the degrees given to the negative statements increase.	2 monts

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Yuzuncu Yıl University
• Investigators: Study Director: Yuzuncu Y University, Yuzuncu Yıl University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 1, 2023
• Primary Completion (Estimated): March 1, 2024
• Study Completion (Estimated): June 30, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 14, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 24, 2024
• First Posted (Estimated): January 25, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): January 25, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 24, 2024
• Last Verified: January 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Immunization; Primiparous; Pediatric Nursing; Vaccine Hesitancy; Vaccine Literacy; Web Page
• Other Study ID Numbers: Tez

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No