The Reliability of ULRT in Overhead Athletes and Its Relationship With Selected UEPT

The Reliability of Upper Extremity Rotation Test in Overhead Athletes and Its Relationship With Selected Upper Extremity Performance Tests

Upper Extremity Rotation Test is a new test the evaluates 90-90 position, which is one of the requirements for overhead throwing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability of the Upper Extremity Rotation Test in overhead athletes and the relationship between the Closed Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test and the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Upper Limb Asymmetry
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: Upper Limb Rotation Test; Diagnostic test: Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test; Diagnostic test: Upper Quarter Y Balance Test

Detailed Description

Upper Extremity Rotation Test is a new test the evaluates 90-90 position, which is one of the requirements for overhead throwing. The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability of the Upper Extremity Rotation Test in overhead athletes and the relationship between the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test and the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test. Upper Extremity Rotation Test was found to be reliable in overhead athletes. Upper Extremity Rotation Test showed high reliability in overhead atheletes. There was no correlation between the Upper Exremity Rotation Test and the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test. A moderate corelation was found between the Upper Extremity Rotation Test and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 48
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Ankara, Turkey
    • Hacettepe University
  • İzmit
    • Kocaeli, İzmit, Turkey
      • Birgül Dıngırdan

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18-30 years
• Continuing sports for at least three years for each group (volleyball, handball, baskeball)
• Athletes training at least three days per week.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Individuals experiencing difficulty understanding what the physiotherapist says.
• Having a history of orthopedic surgery within the last year

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Sequential Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Other: handball players; Handball players aged between 18 and 35 who have been playing for a minimum of 3 years.	Diagnostic test: Upper Limb Rotation Test; The athlete is positioned with the shoulder, elbow lateral epicondyle, greater trochanter, and ankle lateral malleolus in contact with the wall. In the push-up position, the elbows are started at shoulder height with a 90° bend, and the feet are placed in a shoulder-width apart position. Athletes are instructed to perform a rotation of the shoulder and trunk by touching a vertically placed band on the wall for 15 seconds in the position of 90° abduction and 90° external rotation of the shoulder. The tested side is the upper extremity where the closed kinetic chain position is maintained.; Diagnostic test: Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test; Athletes were placed in a push-up position with a distance of 91.44 centimeters (cm) (3 feet) between their hands for the test position. Subsequently, they were instructed to touch one hand to the other as quickly as possible. The total number of touches within a 15-second period was recorded. Modified push-up position was used for women, and regular push-up position for men during this time. Prior to the test, a familiarization trial consisting of 5 repetitions was performed. The test was then repeated 3 times, and the average of these repetitions was recorded as the score. Individuals were given a 45-second rest period between repetitions. The normalized score, representing the touch count per individual's height, was calculated. The power score was obtained by multiplying the touch count by 68% of the individual's body weight in kilograms.; Diagnostic test: Upper Quarter Y Balance Test; The Upper Extremity Y Balance Test was created using three rulers placed on the ground in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions. The rulers in the superolateral and inferolateral directions were positioned at a 90° angle to each other, while the ruler in the medial direction was placed at a 135° angle with respect to these two directions. In this test, both arms started in a push-up position with shoulder-width apart. The athlete was then instructed to touch, using their non-dominant hand, the maximum reachable point in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions.
Other: volleyball players; volleyball players aged between 18 and 35 who have been playing for a minimum of 3 years.	Diagnostic test: Upper Limb Rotation Test; The athlete is positioned with the shoulder, elbow lateral epicondyle, greater trochanter, and ankle lateral malleolus in contact with the wall. In the push-up position, the elbows are started at shoulder height with a 90° bend, and the feet are placed in a shoulder-width apart position. Athletes are instructed to perform a rotation of the shoulder and trunk by touching a vertically placed band on the wall for 15 seconds in the position of 90° abduction and 90° external rotation of the shoulder. The tested side is the upper extremity where the closed kinetic chain position is maintained.; Diagnostic test: Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test; Athletes were placed in a push-up position with a distance of 91.44 centimeters (cm) (3 feet) between their hands for the test position. Subsequently, they were instructed to touch one hand to the other as quickly as possible. The total number of touches within a 15-second period was recorded. Modified push-up position was used for women, and regular push-up position for men during this time. Prior to the test, a familiarization trial consisting of 5 repetitions was performed. The test was then repeated 3 times, and the average of these repetitions was recorded as the score. Individuals were given a 45-second rest period between repetitions. The normalized score, representing the touch count per individual's height, was calculated. The power score was obtained by multiplying the touch count by 68% of the individual's body weight in kilograms.; Diagnostic test: Upper Quarter Y Balance Test; The Upper Extremity Y Balance Test was created using three rulers placed on the ground in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions. The rulers in the superolateral and inferolateral directions were positioned at a 90° angle to each other, while the ruler in the medial direction was placed at a 135° angle with respect to these two directions. In this test, both arms started in a push-up position with shoulder-width apart. The athlete was then instructed to touch, using their non-dominant hand, the maximum reachable point in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions.
Other: basketball players; Basketball aged between 18 and 35 who have been playing for a minimum of 3 years.	Diagnostic test: Upper Limb Rotation Test; The athlete is positioned with the shoulder, elbow lateral epicondyle, greater trochanter, and ankle lateral malleolus in contact with the wall. In the push-up position, the elbows are started at shoulder height with a 90° bend, and the feet are placed in a shoulder-width apart position. Athletes are instructed to perform a rotation of the shoulder and trunk by touching a vertically placed band on the wall for 15 seconds in the position of 90° abduction and 90° external rotation of the shoulder. The tested side is the upper extremity where the closed kinetic chain position is maintained.; Diagnostic test: Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test; Athletes were placed in a push-up position with a distance of 91.44 centimeters (cm) (3 feet) between their hands for the test position. Subsequently, they were instructed to touch one hand to the other as quickly as possible. The total number of touches within a 15-second period was recorded. Modified push-up position was used for women, and regular push-up position for men during this time. Prior to the test, a familiarization trial consisting of 5 repetitions was performed. The test was then repeated 3 times, and the average of these repetitions was recorded as the score. Individuals were given a 45-second rest period between repetitions. The normalized score, representing the touch count per individual's height, was calculated. The power score was obtained by multiplying the touch count by 68% of the individual's body weight in kilograms.; Diagnostic test: Upper Quarter Y Balance Test; The Upper Extremity Y Balance Test was created using three rulers placed on the ground in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions. The rulers in the superolateral and inferolateral directions were positioned at a 90° angle to each other, while the ruler in the medial direction was placed at a 135° angle with respect to these two directions. In this test, both arms started in a push-up position with shoulder-width apart. The athlete was then instructed to touch, using their non-dominant hand, the maximum reachable point in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The reliability of Upper Extremity Rotation Test	The reliability of the Upper Extremity Rotation Test was evaluated.	January 2022

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The Relationship Assessment of the Upper Extremity Rotation Test	The relationship between the Upper Extremity Rotation Test and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test was evaluated.	February 2022

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Hacettepe University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Birgül Dıngırdan, Master's, Sakarya Applied Sciences University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 1, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): January 10, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 30, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 12, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): February 20, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 28, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 27, 2024
• Last Verified: February 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: assessment; shoulder; Physical performance test
• Other Study ID Numbers: HÜ- FTR- BD- 01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No