Anthropometric Characteristics of Elite and Olympic Mexican Track and Field Athletes (ANTHROLYMPMX)

Sport specialization requires an understanding of morphological variability to optimize performance. However, the current literature lacks a detailed analysis of the anthropometric profile of track and field athletes, especially in Latin America. Additionally, the five-way fractionation method of body mass has been under-documented. These gaps highlight the need for more research to maximize the potential of athletes, particularly in emerging countries like Mexico. This study aims to determine the anthropometric characteristics of elite and Olympic Mexican track and field athletes. A descriptive cross-sectional study will be conducted. Forty-three anthropometric variables will be assessed to characterize the athlete´s physical composition using the standards of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Those variables will be used to describe the anthropometric profile (Heath and Carter somatotype, body composition through five-way fractionation method, muscle bone index, muscular adipose index, sum of skinfold thicknesses, and proportionality through Ross & Wilson Phantom strategy. Correspondences of those variables will also be established among different tests and specialties: sprint, middle-distance, long-distance, endurance, combined events, jumps, and throws. This study aims to provide the opportunity to generate reliable references for high-performance Mexican athletes.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Athletes
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: Anthropometric assessment

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 74

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Mexico
  • Jalisco
    • Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico, 45128
      • Iberoamerican Institute of Sports Science and Human Movement

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Elite and Olympic Mexican track and field athletes from different national teams and actively competing in national and international competitions

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Elite and Olympic Mexican track and field athletes
• Female and male,
• All national teams
• Actively competing in national and/or international competitions

Exclusion Criteria:

• Injured or not classified athletes
• Not informed consent signed

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Intervention / Treatment

Elite and Olympic Mexican track and field athletes; All 74 athletes competing in track and field events during the XXIV Central American and Caribbean Athletics Championship will be considered

Diagnostic test: Anthropometric assessment; A total of 43 anthropometric variables (complete profile) will be assessed following the guidelines of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. All measurements will be taken on the right side of the body. The full anthropometric profile will be undertaken in duplicate to establish retest reliability. If the difference between duplicate measures exceeds 5% for skinfolds or 1% for all other variables, a third measurement will be taken, but only after the full profile has been completed in duplicate. The mean of duplicate or median of triplicate anthropometric measurements will be used for all subsequent analysis. The intra-evaluator technical error of measurement (TEM) was calculated according to the 1996 protocol of Pederson and Gore.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Anthropometric body composition profile	Body composition assessment through anthropometric five-way fractionation method of Ross and Kerr	One day

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Heath and Carter somatotype	A cuantitative method to assess body shape obtained from diferent anthropometric measurements	One day
Anthropometric profile	A total of 43 measurements will be obtained using the standards of the methodology of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK)	One day
Muscle Bone Ratio	Ratio between muscle mass and bone mass in Kg	One day
Muscular Adipose Ratio	Ratio between muscle mass and adipose mass in Kg	One day
Sum of skinfold thicknesses	Sum of 6 different skinfold thicknesses	One day
Corrected girths	Correction of girth value by sustracting the skinfold thickness value	One day
Proportionality	Ross phantom strategy for the analisys of body proportions	One day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Iberoamerican Institute of Sports Science and Human Movement
• Collaborators: University of Guadalajara
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Wiliam Carvajal-Veitía, PhD, Institute of Sports Medicine (IMD), Cuba; Principal Investigator: Fernando Alacid-Carceles, PhD, University of Almeria (UAL), Spain; Principal Investigator: Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda, PhD, Andres Bello University (UNAB), Chile

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Bernal-Orozco MF, Posada-Falomir M, Quinonez-Gastelum CM, Plascencia-Aguilera LP, Arana-Nuno JR, Badillo-Camacho N, Marquez-Sandoval F, Holway FE, Vizmanos-Lamotte B. Anthropometric and Body Composition Profile of Young Professional Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Jul;34(7):1911-1923. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003416.
• Carvajal W, Rios A, Echevarria I, Martinez M, Minoso J, Rodriguez D. Body type and performance of elite cuban baseball players. MEDICC Rev. 2009 Apr;11(2):15-20. doi: 10.37757/MR2009V11.N2.6.
• Dengel DR, Keller KA, Stanforth PR, Oliver JM, Carbuhn A, Bosch TA. Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density of Division 1 Collegiate Track and Field Athletes, a Consortium of College Athlete Research (C-CAR) Study. J Clin Densitom. 2020 Apr-Jun;23(2):303-313. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.07.008. Epub 2019 Jul 12.
• Mangine GT, Mangine GT, Eggerth A, Gough J, Stratton MT, Feito Y, VanDusseldorp TA. Endocrine and Body Composition Changes Across a Competitive Season in Collegiate Speed-Power Track and Field Athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2021 Aug 1;35(8):2067-2074. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004069.
• Bonato M, Bizzozero S, Filipas L, LA Torre A. The influence of anthropometric parameters in track and field curve sprint. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2023 Dec;63(12):1254-1261. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.23.15056-0. Epub 2023 Aug 3.
• Withers RT, Craig NP, Ball CT, Norton KI, Whittingham NO. The Drinkwater-Ross anthropometric fractionation of body mass: comparison with measured body mass and densitometrically estimated fat and fat-free masses. J Sports Sci. 1991 Autumn;9(3):299-311. doi: 10.1080/02640419108729891.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 5, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 7, 2013
• Study Completion (Actual): July 7, 2013

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 7, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 10, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): May 16, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 16, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 10, 2024
• Last Verified: May 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Body composition; Athletes; High performance; Track and Field; Kinanthropometry; Somatotype
• Other Study ID Numbers: IICDEM-ID-001-2013

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: Because the participants were informed that data management would be protected only by the principal investigators.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No